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O₂ max is often thrown around as the holy grail of endurance performance—but how much does it really matter, and how can you train it effectively? In this episode, I’m joined by Dr. Will O’Connor, exercise physiologist, endurance coach, and experienced researcher, to break down the science, myths, and practical strategies behind VO₂ max.

We cover what VO₂ max actually measures, whether your Garmin or Coros watch is giving you reliable readings, and the key workouts proven to raise your aerobic ceiling. Will also shares valuable insights into how long it takes to lose fitness when you’re sidelined with injury, and why efficiency and running economy might matter more than the raw VO₂ number.

If you’ve ever worried about your fitness dropping during time off, or if you’re curious about how to truly get faster by training smarter, this is an episode you won’t want to miss.

What You’ll Learn in This Episode

• What VO₂ max really represents and how it’s measured in a lab
• Why running economy and fractional utilization matter more than a single number
• How accurate VO₂ max data is from wearables like Garmin
• Proven interval sessions to raise your aerobic ceiling
• The difference between short, sharp efforts vs. 4-minute intervals (and when to use each)
• How quickly fitness declines during injury or downtime
• The importance of deciding: are you training or are you rehabbing?
• Why performance—not your watch’s algorithm—is the true indicator of progress

Guest Bio – Dr. Will O’Connor
Will holds a PhD in Sport & Exercise Science, specializing in performance metabolism and physiology. With hundreds of VO₂ max tests under his belt, published research, and years of coaching endurance athletes, he brings a unique balance of scientific rigor and practical know-how. He also runs the Performance Advantage Podcast and creates evidence-based training content on his YouTube channel, helping runners and triathletes worldwide optimize performance.

Resources & Links

• Connect with Will on YouTube: Dr. Will O’Connor
• Visit his website: drwilloconnor.com