JAMA+ AI Conversations

In this follow-up to a 2017 interview with JAMA Medical News, the University of Southern California's Maja Matarić, PhD, the computer scientist who pioneered the field of socially assistive robotics, discusses how artificial intelligence is advancing the field in areas ranging from autism to physical rehabilitation to anxiety and depression. Related Content:

• Social Robots That Help Support People's Health Are Getting a Boost From AI
• Socially Assistive Robots

3D total-body photography is used to detect lesions and melanoma in patients at high risk of developing skin cancer. The cost-effectiveness of this technology was examined in a recent study published in JAMA Dermatology. Roy Perlis, Editor in Chief of JAMA+ AI, joins economist Daniel Lindsay, PhD, to discuss the clinical and economic outcomes of this recent study. Related Content:

• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 3D Total-Body Photography for People at High Risk of Melanoma
• Can AI Improve the Cost-Effectiveness of 3D Total-Body Photography?

Despite recommendations from health care professionals, most patients with asthma do not track their symptoms, leaving limited data to help them discuss care options with their clinicians. JAMA Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, spoke with Robert S. Rudin, PhD, a senior information scientist at RAND, and a professor of policy analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, about a randomized clinical trial published in JAMA Network Open examining the potential benefits of using AI for between-visit asthma symptom monitoring. Related Content:

• Between-Visit Asthma Symptom Monitoring With a Scalable Digital Intervention
• Discussing Digital Interventions in Asthma Symptom Monitoring

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)'s MatchMiner tool was developed to increase historically low clinical trial enrollment rates in adults with cancer. Roy Perlis, MD, MSc, Editor in Chief of JAMA+ AI, spoke with Kenneth Kehl, MD, MPH, about his recent study published in JAMA Network Open evaluating the AI tool's ability to fulfill its purpose through genome sequencing. Related Content:

• Clinical Trial Notifications Triggered by Artificial Intelligence–Detected Cancer Progression
• Considerations in Translating AI to Improve Care
• How AI Could Increase Clinical Trial Enrollment in Adults With Cancer

Delaying diagnosis of parkinsonism can mean delaying care. In a study recently published in JAMA Neurology, David Vaillancourt, PhD, and colleagues tested the ability of an AI model to differentiate between Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative disorders when paired with MRI. He joins JAMA and JAMA+ AI Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH to discuss. Related Content:

• A Large Proportion of Parkinson Disease Diagnoses Are Wrong—Here's How AI Could Help
• Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism

Employer-sponsored digital health solutions help patients with behavioral health conditions increase workplace productivity. Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, Associate Editor of JAMA+ AI, spoke with Molly Candon, PhD, and Adam Chekroud, PhD, about their recent work published in JAMA Network Open evaluating the financial return on investment for companies participating in these AI health care programs. Related Content:

• Employer-Sponsored Digital Health Platforms for Mental Wellness—A Good Investment
• Return on Investment of Enhanced Behavioral Health Services
• Return on Investment in Digital Mental Health Solutions

Susan Athey, PhD, of Standford University joins JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, to discuss her research on machine learning to target behavioral nudges for college students and their potential implications for health care. Related Content:

• How an Economist's Application of Machine Learning to Target Nudges Applies to Precision Medicine

Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, and AI may facilitate screening, if such models continue to perform well when they are deployed in the real world. Coauthors Arthur Brant, MD, of Stanford University, and Sunny Virmani, MS, of Google join JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, to discuss a new study published in JAMA Network Open. Related Content:

• Diabetic Retinopathy Is Massively Underscreened—an AI System Could Help
• Performance of a Deep Learning Diabetic Retinopathy Algorithm in India

A recent study published in JAMA Health Forum suggests that institutions may be able to deploy custom open-source large language models (LLMs) that run locally without sacrificing data privacy or flexibility. Coauthors Thomas A. Buckley, BS, and Arjun K. Manrai, PhD, from the Department of Biomedical Informatics at Harvard Medical School join JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, to discuss. Related Content:

• Can Open-Source AI Models Diagnose Complex Cases as Well as GPT-4?

Correction: This podcast has been updated to add additional context on the frequency of false positives. Open neural tube defects affect approximately 1 in 1400 births. Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine joins JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, to discuss a quality improvement study examining the need to continue to incorporate race in tests that screen for these defects. Related Content:

• Study Findings Question Value of Including Race in Prenatal Screening for Birth Defects
• Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Prenatal Screening for Open Neural Tube Defects