Knowledge at Wharton

On February 25 2008 Adobe Systems launched version 1.0 of the Adobe Integrated Runtime or ”AIR ” which allows software programmers to use web-development tools to create desktop software applications that run on all the major operating systems: Windows Mac and -- coming soon -- Linux. For Adobe AIR is a big bet. At the launch event CEO Shantanu Narayen described AIR as Adobe’s ”fourth platform ” the next link in the chain that includes PostScript Acrobat and Flash. Adobe’s point man for AIR is Chief Technology Officer Kevin Lynch who recently spoke with Knowledge at Wharton about AIR’s importance to developers consumers and business users.

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As in any negotiation money and performance will usually make or break a sports contract deal. But emotions can be a wild card according to Wharton Sports Business Initiative director Kenneth L. Shropshire. During a recent Wharton presentation he talked about the non-financial incentives that helped seal contract deals with star athletes Alex Rodriguez Reggie White and others; his relationships with boxing promoter Don King and 1984 Olympics organizer Peter Ueberroth and the importance of personal relationships in getting deals done.

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Nearly everyone told Matt and Jessica Flannery that their idea -- a website where people could make micro loans to individual borrowers in the developing world -- wouldn’t work. Venture capitalists couldn’t see how anyone could make big money on tiny loans. Foundations wouldn’t support something that they saw as commerce not charity. But the Flannerys persisted and today the website that they created -- Kiva.org -- has so far assisted about 40 000 borrowers in 40 countries and provided a total of $27 million in funding. Matt Flannery Kiva’s CEO and Premal Shah its president spoke about their business at the recent University of Pennsylvania Microfinance Conference.

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Middle managers are often referred to as the ”glue” that holds companies together bridging the gap between the top management team and lower level workers. They implement strategy and organizational changes keeping workers engaged during both good times and bad. Yet according to a recent survey of middle managers around the world 20% report dissatisfaction with their current organization and that same percentage report that they are looking for another job. How do middle managers fare in an uncertain economy and what should companies be doing to keep them happy?

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Credit market turmoil is altering the global playing field in buyouts and acquisitions a field rife with complaints in recent years about too much money chasing too few good deals. The credit shortage puts pressure on pricing and transactional quality while also giving public companies a better shot at acquisitions that the more aggressive private equity firms might previously have snatched away. These are some practical implications of a paper presented at a recent Wharton conference sponsored by the Weiss Center for International Financial Research. The paper documents the pricing anomalies that have characterized private equity transactions in recent years. Chief among them: The greater the leverage applied to a deal the greater the price it has tended to command.

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Just a year ago ethanol was the renewable fuel of the moment. Derived mostly from corn grown in America’s heartland it was promoted as a home-grown ticket to energy independence for the U.S. and other oil-importing nations. Today however ethanol’s prospects look somewhat cloudy. Critics around the world are crying foul over rising food prices while others say that it takes more resources to create ethanol than the alternative fuel provides. According to experts at Wharton and elsewhere ethanol underscores the hazards involved in the development of any new energy source where failure to understand the broader impact of production can result in unintended consequences.

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A decade ago when the Wharton Business Plan Competition (BPC) began the Internet dominated discussions about entrepreneurship. That was before the bubble burst and many dot.coms were revealed to be in the words of New Yorker writer John Cassidy little more than dot.cons. These days the new arena of interest is healthcare specifically biotech as evidenced by the number of biotech-related business plans submitted by the student entrepreneurs who competed in this year’s event. Knowledge at Wharton offers brief descriptions of the BPC’s ’Eight Great’ finalists. Good luck picking the winner.

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After Microsoft announced on May 3 that it will drop its $44.6 billion bid to acquire Yahoo many -- including experts at Wharton -- declared the decision to be a smart move. Microsoft they say has more pressing issues including the need to make its flagship operating system Vista more popular among customers as it competes for attention against its predecessor Windows XP and rivals such as Apple’s OS X.

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Can a company make money from the work of impoverished people in the developing world without taking advantage of them? For Patrick Byrne the answer is a qualified yes. Byrne believes that he has found a way for his company Overstock.com to benefit while it helps developing-world artisans connect with developed-world customers. But for Chuck Waterfield creator of Microfin -- a software program he wrote for microlenders -- the answer is a qualified no at least as it applies to Compartamos a well-known microfinance lender operating in Mexico. Both men spoke at this year’s University of Pennsylvania Microfinance Conference.

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If China doesn’t take steps to prevent it a big black cloud may soon engulf its economic boom. The country is growing at a torrid rate but pollution from its hard-chugging industrial engine is expanding even faster according to energy experts at the recent 2008 Wharton China Business Conference. Chinese leaders however have some options including a method to capture the pollutants released when coal burns and coal gasification which transforms coal into a synthetic fuel that burns as cleanly as natural gas.

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