In this episode of Excess Returns, we welcome back Rick Ferri, founder of Ferri Investment Solutions and host of the Bogleheads on Investing podcast. Rick shares timeless insights on the evolution of an investor’s education, the pitfalls of complexity, and how to build portfolios that are simple, low-cost, and behaviorally sustainable. The discussion covers how investors can think about macro forecasts, indexing, factors, international diversification, and the right withdrawal rates in retirement.

Topics covered:

• Why macro forecasting rarely works as a long-term investment strategy

• The four stages of the index investor’s education: darkness, enlightenment, complexity, and simplicity

• How financial advisors and Wall Street profit from unnecessary complexity

• The case for international diversification and how to size it correctly

• The pros and cons of factor investing and why behavioral discipline matters more than factors themselves

• Why passive investing isn’t “too big” and why indexing works over time

• How to think about valuations and investor psychology

• Tips, gold, and how to think about inflation protection

• Rethinking the 4% withdrawal rule and why goals for heirs matter more than formulas

• The one piece of advice Rick would give to young investors today

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction and the four stages of an index investor
03:00 Why macro forecasting fails as an investment tool
07:00 The evolution from complexity to simplicity
13:00 Complexity as job security for advisors
18:00 Should investors own international stocks?
23:00 The behavioral challenge of factor investing
32:00 Is passive investing too big?
34:00 What to do (and not do) with market valuations
37:00 Managing investor behavior through small adjustments
39:00 Inflation, TIPS, and the role of gold
46:00 Why indexing works and what makes it unbeatable
49:00 The 4% rule and smarter withdrawal strategies
57:00 Advice for young investors and what Rick wants his legacy to be