Each year in the U.S., more than 400,000 children are in foster care. Jennifer Keim, MD, MPH, primary care pediatrician at the Nicholas and Athena Karabots Pediatric Care Center of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, provides a review of important considerations in primary care for these vulnerable children, including: explanations of common terms, such as medical foster homes, resource parents, respite care, and more; the significance of placement instability and a trauma-informed approach to care; resources such as CHOP’s Fostering Care Program for outpatient assessment, and CASA volunteers; consent and confidentiality issues and how to sort through them; defining permanency, aging out and other outcomes and a review of national and local statistics; and more.