Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint.. I’m Nelson John and here are today’s top stories.

1. Tata vs Tower: The Chip Fab Face-Off

India’s semiconductor revival just got serious. Tata Semiconductor and Israel’s Tower Semiconductor have been shortlisted to modernize the government-run Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL) in Mohali, under a ₹4,000 crore project. While it won’t chase bleeding-edge tech, the revamp will upgrade SCL’s 180nm line—crucial for defence, space, and medical tech. Production is set to triple from 500 to 1,500 wafers per month, and this upgrade could lay the groundwork for more advanced nodes like 65nm and 28nm. Tower, notably, is already a tech partner at SCL, giving it an inside track. According to IESA President Ashok Chandak, this isn’t just about chips—it’s about strategic autonomy, deep-tech R&D, and skilling India’s semiconductor workforce for the future. With India’s chip demand projected to touch $103 billion by 2030, this throwback node may be the start of a futuristic leap.

2. Reliance Defence’s Big MRO Bet

Anil Ambani’s Reliance Defence is gunning for India’s ₹20,000 crore defence MRO (maintenance, repair, overhaul) market—and it’s bringing in American reinforcements. In a joint venture with US-based Coastal Mechanics Inc., the company will set up a facility in Mihan, Maharashtra to upgrade over 200 military assets, including Jaguars, MiG-29s, Apaches, and L-70 guns. The plan is to shift from buying new to extending the lifecycle of existing gear—more efficient, more economical. Analysts say this tie-up opens doors to US defence contracts and puts Reliance on the path to becoming one of India’s top three defence exporters. With exports already hitting ₹24,000 crore and the geopolitical heat rising post Operation Sindoor, MRO might just become India’s next defence growth engine.

3. RBI Flags Debt Storm Ahead

The Reserve Bank of India is waving a red flag. In its June Financial Stability Report, it warns of three key risks: soaring public debt, overvalued assets, and rising geopolitical tensions. India’s public debt is set to exceed ₹196 lakh crore by March 2026. Meanwhile, NBFCs are being scrutinized for risky lending behavior. While India’s economy remains resilient—with growth and cooling inflation offering a cushion—external shocks and diverging global monetary policies could spill into emerging markets. The RBI says it’s stepping up reforms to tackle digital lending risks, curb fraud, and protect retail investors—aiming to future-proof the financial system before the next big tremor hits.

4. Trump-Modi Pact Nears the Finish Line

India and the US are on the brink of sealing a major trade deal. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt confirmed that final touches are underway, calling India a “strategic ally” and highlighting President Trump’s “very good relationship” with Prime Minister Modi. The announcement comes as EAM Jaishankar visits Washington for the QUAD meet, and just weeks before the US enforces new tariffs on Indian goods. Negotiators are aiming for an “early harvest” pact to defuse tensions and pave the way for a full-scale Free Trade Agreement by year-end. With Trump accepting Modi’s invite to the next QUAD Summit in Delhi, the Indo-US alliance may soon move from handshake to hard numbers—$500 billion in trade, to be exact.

5. Agni Goes Underground: India’s Bunker Buster Era

India’s missile arsenal is getting a powerful upgrade—literally underground. DRDO is developing new Agni-5 variants designed to penetrate fortified bunkers, much like the US did in its June 22 strikes on Iranian nuclear sites. Unlike the American model, which relies on massive bombers, India’s missile-based approach offers flexibility and speed. Two versions are in development: an airburst warhead for surface targets and a bunker-buster variant with an 8-tonne payload capable of piercing up to 100 meters underground.

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