Is it good to make children scared and violent? This is a debate people are having somehow... Anyway let's see what science has to say

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References & Further Reading
apa.org/monitor/2012/04/spanking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3447048/
https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/21/04/effect-spanking-brain
https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/21/04/effect-spanking-brain
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-science-says-and-doesn-t-about-spanking/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-science-really-says-about-spanking/
https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/spanking-kids-effective/574978/
https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/spanking-kids-effective/574978/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_corporal_punishment_in_the_United_States
https://time.com/3387226/spanking-can-be-an-appropriate-form-of-child-discipline/

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Bill! Bill! Bill! Bill Nye the Science Guy doesn't join us this week, but we're chatting about him anyway. Join us as we dive into his life story & figure out whether Bill Nye is an actual scientist, or just a TV show host...

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References & Further Reading

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You're feeling very sleepy... and excited to watch this episode... as we dive into the science of hypnosis!

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References & Further Reading
https://www.britannica.com/science/hypnosis
https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/extrasensory-perceptions/hypnosis8.htm
https://time.com/6171844/how-hypnosis-works/
https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/is-there-any-scientific-explanation-for-hypnosis/
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220519-does-hypnosis-work
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/01/hypnosis
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypnotherapy/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/mental-health/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115290/

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From Doctor Who to Back to the Future, time travel is an idea that we can't seem to get enough of in science fiction, but this week we're discussing the science facts of bouncing around in time! Turns out time travel may not be as impossible as you think...

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References & Further Reading
Psychiatric Ward Basics
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/guides-to-support-and-services/crisis-services/treatment-in-hospital/

History of Psychiatric Wards
https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/nhhc/nurses-institutions-caring/history-of-psychiatric-hospitals/
https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/victorian-mental-asylum
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/diseases/early.html
https://www.newscientist.com/gallery/history-of-asylums/

Effectiveness of Psychiatric Wards
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/psych-wards-arent-what-you-think-ive-seen-lives-saved-there/2017/07/21/cb92acb6-619e-11e7-a4f7-af34fc1d9d39_story.html
https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pnp.443
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116562/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494418303955
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2C0B7D6D3E7EB5DC48B87BE7E7398BD4/S2056469400001376a.pdf/inpatient_rehabilitation_clinical_outcomes_and_cost_implications.pdf
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A2D872065294E62058712243A20EA0CB/S0007125000277490a.pdf/the-psychiatric-ward-as-a-therapeutic-space-systematic-review.pdf

The Patients’ Perspective
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/guides-to-support-and-services/crisis-services/treatment-in-hospital/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/20/treatment-nhs-psychiatric-ward-mental-health-crisis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724788/
https://www.southernhealth.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-list-of-services/adult-mental-health-services

Can Bunny the dog really understand English, is it a hoax, or maybe something else entirely? This week we're using science to tackle the important questions & find out whether the TikTok dog can really talk...

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References & Further Reading
https://www.vice.com/en/article/4ad4dm/can-bunny-the-talking-dog-really-talk
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/27/style/bunny-the-dog-animal-communication.html
https://www.theverge.com/21557375/bunny-the-dog-talks-researchers-animal-cognition-language-tiktok
https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/bunny-how-to-speak-dog/

After 4 years of Sci Guys we’re tackling our biggest topic yet! This week we’re asking whether race exist biologically or is it just a social construct? So strap in & get ready for decades of nonsense to be debunked!

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References & Further Reading
Race & Ethnicity Basics
https://www.britannica.com/topic/race-human
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Race
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/race-ethnicity

History of Race
https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2005-00117-003.pdf?auth_token=699db5b1de2c85afbddc7ac7066bc2424224ef56

Scientific Racism
https://library.harvard.edu/confronting-anti-black-racism/scientific-racism
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/07/10/416496218/is-race-science-making-a-comeback
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/disturbing-resilience-scientific-racism-180972243/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02244-w

Species & Taxonomy
https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/species-312/#:~:text=A%20biological%20species%20is%20a,nature%20and%20produce%20fertile%20offspring.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank#/media/File:Taxonomic_Rank_Graph.svg
https://www.britannica.com/animal/dog/Related-canids
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Neanderthal/Neanderthal-classification


Race & Genetics
https://www.nature.com/articles/ng1435
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604262/
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/reich-genetics-racism/558818/
https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/race-is-real-but-its-not-genetic
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aac4951?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/people-bananas-share-dna.htm#:~:text=About%2060%20percent%20of%20our,the%20banana%2C%22%20Brody%20adds.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4037248/


Race as a Social Construct
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/race-is-a-social-construct-scientists-argue/
https://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-01-07.htm
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100515181;jsessionid=7230B73AAF4E7C31C72AF1CA7E2DE2E7

Race in Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808769/

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Bullying is a strangely accepted part of life; no matter how much schools (and workplaces) do to avoid it, bullies still manage to torment their victims. This week we take a look at the science to find out what makes a bully & whether there are any tactics to tackle this persistent problem

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References & Further Reading
1. https://samgoldstein.com/resources/articles/general/the-science-of-bullying.aspx
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7957129/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552909/
4. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01837-2
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK390414/
6. https://www.science.org/content/article/better-health-through-bullying
7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23937767/
8. https://www.pacer.org/bullying/info/stats.asp
9. https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/facts
10. https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/self-esteem/the-top-reasons-why-people-bully/
11. https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/bullying
12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604449/
13. https://www.gov.uk/bullying-at-school/bullying-a-definition

Psychiatric hospitals & mental asylums often receive a bad rap in fiction, but is there any truth to that? This week we dive into the crazy history and science of psych wards!


CORRECTION
We mentioned that one can be admitted to a psychiatric ward via showing up at the ward itself, without prior referral.
This is very much *not* the case (as detailed in #1 of our references & further reading). In the UK one should speak to a GP, psychiatrist, or another healthcare specialist for a referral to inpatient psychiatric care.

Apologies for the error! We make an effort to an accurate & reliable source of information, and while sometimes we make mistakes, we are always open to corrections.

If you spot any points that need correcting, head to sciguys.co.uk/corrections

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@notcorry / @lukecutforth

References & Further Reading
Psychiatric Ward Basics
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/guides-to-support-and-services/crisis-services/treatment-in-hospital/

History of Psychiatric Wards
https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/nhhc/nurses-institutions-caring/history-of-psychiatric-hospitals/
https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/victorian-mental-asylum
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/diseases/early.html
https://www.newscientist.com/gallery/history-of-asylums/

Effectiveness of Psychiatric Wards
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/psych-wards-arent-what-you-think-ive-seen-lives-saved-there/2017/07/21/cb92acb6-619e-11e7-a4f7-af34fc1d9d39_story.html
https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pnp.443
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116562/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494418303955
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2C0B7D6D3E7EB5DC48B87BE7E7398BD4/S2056469400001376a.pdf/inpatient_rehabilitation_clinical_outcomes_and_cost_implications.pdf
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A2D872065294E62058712243A20EA0CB/S0007125000277490a.pdf/the-psychiatric-ward-as-a-therapeutic-space-systematic-review.pdf

The Patients’ Perspective
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/guides-to-support-and-services/crisis-services/treatment-in-hospital/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/20/treatment-nhs-psychiatric-ward-mental-health-crisis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724788/
https://www.southernhealth.nhs.uk/our-services/a-z-list-of-services/adult-mental-health-services

Not all love is romantic and some people just don't feel romantic attraction - so out Patrons have asked us to cover the science of being aromantic & the effects of amatonormativity!

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References & Further Reading
https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people#:~:text=What%20does%20aro%20mean%3F,or%20interaction%20with%20an%20individual.
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-021-02187-2
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/285899t4
https://med-fom-brotto.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/02/Antonsen-2020_Article_AceAndAroUnderstandingDifferen.pdf
https://www.aromanticism.org/en/research#research-guidelines
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-love
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4911849/
https://www.aromanticism.org/en/all-terms

Why do gay men sound... gay? NoahFinnce joins us as we find out whether this is just a tired stereotype, or a real phenomenon!

Check out Noah's Music!

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References & Further Reading