2025 looks like a year full of dangers for the European Union. Even before US President-elect Donald Trump returns to office, his unpredictability is on full display as he tells NATO ally Denmark that he needs Greenland for US national security purposes – prompting a strong rebuke from France, which says the EU will not tolerate threats to its borders. And this is before Trump even gets going on the well-known difficult issues such as trade tariffs, Ukraine and NATO.

Yet uncertainty also looms over the domestic politics of EU member states, with crucial elections this year in Germany, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic and perhaps in France, too, if the political deadlock there continues.

So will this be a make-or-break year for Europe? We put the question to our guests.

Programme prepared by Luke Brown, Perrine Desplats and Agnès Le Cossec