Stuff You Missed in History Class

This 2021 episode covers William Montague Cobb, who was the first Black person in the U.S. to earn a PhD in physical anthropology. He was also an activist and an anatomy professor at Howard University. 

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Tracy discusses the inherent challenge of talking about topics that relate to current events. She also shares more information about Emma Reynolds that didn't really fit into the Dr. Daniel Hale Williams episode. 

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Dr. Daniel Hale Williams is often described as the first person to successfully perform an open-heart surgery. That's not entirely accurate, but he was still a surgical innovator, and he was also a huge part of the Black Hospital Movement.

Research:

• "Daniel Hale Williams." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 2, Gale, 1992. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606000260/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c4ae7664. Accessed 28 Jan. 2025.
• "Daniel Hale Williams." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000479/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=80e75e7e. Accessed 28 Jan. 2025.
• Buckler, Helen. “Doctor Dan: Pioneer in American Surgery.” Little, Brown and Company. 1954.
• Cobb, W M. “Daniel Hale Williams-Pioneer and Innovator.” Journal of the National Medical Association vol. 36,5 (1944): 158-9.
• COBB, W M. “Dr. Daniel Hale Williams.” Journal of the National Medical Association vol. 45,5 (1953): 379-85.
• Cook County Health. “Celebrating 30 Years: Provident Hospital of Cook County.” https://cookcountyhealth.org/provident-hospital-30th-anniversary/
• Gamble, Vanessa Northington. “Making a place for ourselves : the Black hospital movement, 1920-1945.” New York : Oxford University Press. 1995.
• Gamble, Vanessa Northington. “The Provident Hospital Project: An Experiment in Race Relations and Medical Education.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, WINTER 1991. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44442639
• Gordon, Ralph C. “Daniel Hale Williams: Pioneer Black Surgeon and Educator.” Journal of Investigative Surgery, 18:105–106, 2005. DOI: 10.1080/08941930590956084
• Hughes, Langston. “Famous American Negroes.” Dodd Mead. 1954.
• Jackson State University. “Who Was Dr. Daniel Hale Williams?” https://www.jsums.edu/gtec/dr-daniel-hale-williams/
• Jefferson, Alisha J. and Tamra S. McKenzie. “Daniel Hale Williams, MD: ‘A Moses in the profession.’” American College of Surgeons CC2017 Poster Competition. 2017.
• Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. “51. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams Letter to Governor Joseph Fifer (1889).” 100 Most Valuable Documents at the Illinois State Archives. https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/archives/online_exhibits/100_documents/1889-williams-letter-gov.html
• Olivier, Albert F. “In Proper Perspective: Daniel Hale Williams, M.D.” Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Volume 37, Issue 1p96-97 January 1984. https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(10)60721-7/fulltext
• Raman, Jai. “Access to the Heart – Evolution of surgical techniques.” Global Surgery. Vol. 1, No. 2. doi: 10.15761/GOS.1000112
• Rock County, Wisconsin. “Dr. Daniel Hale Williams.” https://legacy.co.rock.wi.us/daniel-hale-williams
• Summerville, James. “Educating Black doctors : a history of Meharry Medical College.” University of Alabama Press. https://archive.org/details/educatingblackdo0000summ/
• The Provident Foundation. “History- Dr. Daniel Hale Williams.” https://provfound.org/index.php/history/history-dr-daniel-hale-williams
• “Early Chicago: Hospital of Hope.” DuSable to Obama: Chicago’s Black Metropolis. https://www.wttw.com/dusable-to-obama/provident-hospital

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The 1898 supreme court case called United States vs. Wong Kim Ark had affected enforcement of the Chinese Exclusion Act, because the court found that people born in the U.S. to Chinese parents were U.S. citizens.

Research:

• Graber, Mark A. "United States v. Wong Kim Ark." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 228-230. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100710/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=73795502. Accessed 22 Jan. 2025.
• "United States v. Wong Kim Ark." Gale U.S. History Online Collection, Gale, 2024. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EXXRWP999307394/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c225358c. Accessed 22 Jan. 2025.
• "United States v. Wong Kim Ark." Great American Court Cases, edited by Mark Mikula and L. Mpho Mabunda, vol. 3: Equal Protection and Family Law, Gale, 1999. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2303200443/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=01ef8726. Accessed 22 Jan. 2025.
• Zietlow, Rebecca E. "Fourteenth Amendment: Citizenship Clause." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 248-251. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100269/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5c43018e. Accessed 22 Jan. 2025.
• Rosenbloom, Rachel E. “Birthright Citizenship Has Been Challenged Before.” Time. 1/15/2025. https://time.com/7204970/birthright-citizenship-test-cases/
• Bomboy, Scott. “Updated: The birthright citizenship question and the Constitution.” National Constitution Center. 1/21/2025. https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/revisiting-the-birthright-citizenship-question-and-the-constitution
• Cabrera-Lomelí, Carlos. “A 129-Year-Old San Francisco Lawsuit Could Stop Trump From Ending Birthright Citizenship.” KQED. 1/21/2025. https://www.kqed.org/news/12015449/a-129-year-old-san-francisco-lawsuit-could-stop-trump-from-ending-birthright-citizenship
• Abdelfatah, Rund et al. “By Accident of Birth.” Throughline. NPR. 6/9/2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/06/06/1103291268/by-accident-of-birth
• Dhillon, Hardeep. “How the Fight for Birthright Citizenship Shaped the History of Asian American Families.” Smithsonian. 3/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-fight-for-birthright-citizenship-reshaped-asian-american-families-180981866/
• Frost, Amanda. “Birthright Citizens and Paper Sons.” The American Scholar. 1/18/2021. https://theamericanscholar.org/birthright-citizens-and-paper-sons/
• Moore, Robert. “He won a landmark citizenship case at the US Supreme Court. El Paso tried to deport him anyway.” El Paso Matters. 7/4/2022. https://elpasomatters.org/2022/07/04/wong-kim-ark-vs-united-states-history-immigration-supreme-court/
• Frost, Amanda. “’By Accident of Birth’: The Battle over Birthright Citizenship After United States v. Wong Kim Ark.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities. https://openyls.law.yale.edu/handle/20.500.13051/7583
• Berger, Bethany. “Birthright Citizenship on Trial: Elk v. Wilkins and United States v. Wong Kim Ark.” Articles and Papers. 378. 2016. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/law_papers/378
• National Archives Catalog. “In the matter of Wong Kim Ark for a writ of habeas corpus.” https://catalog.archives.gov/id/296026

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This 2021 episode covers the Chinese Exclusion Act, the United States’ first major immigration law. As its name suggests it specifically targeted people from China, and it led to Supreme Court cases that set the stage for later restrictions.

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Tracy shares how much she loves the work of Helen McNicoll and how the gaps in her biography posed a challenge during research. Holly talks about Harry Craddock and his efforts to combat prohibition in Britain.

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Ada Coleman was head bartender at the American Bar at the Savoy Hotel in London in the early 20th century. She created a cocktail that is still served today, and she's an enduring icon of the bartending industry. 

Research:

• The Ada Coleman Project. https://theadacolemanproject.com/about/
• Allison, Keith. “Spies at the Savoy Part One.” Alcohol Professor. Oct. 5, 2016. https://www.alcoholprofessor.com/blog-posts/blog/2016/10/05/spies-at-the-savoy-part-one
• Allison, Keith. “Spies at the Savoy Part Three.” Alcohol Professor. October 14, 2016. https://www.alcoholprofessor.com/blog-posts/blog/2016/10/14/spies-at-the-savoy-part-three
• “American Bar.” Savoy London. https://www.thesavoylondon.com/restaurant/american-bar/#:~:text=The%20American%20Bar%20first%20opened,World's%2050%20Best%20Bars%202017.
• Bell, Emily. “Ada Coleman: One Of History’s Most Famous Female Mixologists.” Vinepair. March 17, 2016. https://vinepair.com/wine-blog/ada-coleman/
• Bryant, Miranda. “Savoy’s American Bar appoints first woman as head bartender in 95 years.” Aug. 6, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/food/2021/aug/06/savoy-american-bar-appoints-first-woman-as-head-bartender-in-95-years
• Haigh, Ted. “Vintage Spirits and Forgotten Cocktails: From the Alamagoozlum to the Zombie 100 Rediscovered Recipes and the Stories Behind Them.” Quarry Books. 2009.
• Hotel and Restaurant Employee's International Alliance and Bartenders' International League of America. “The Mixer and Server.” Volume 35. 1926. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=OcyfAAAAMAAJ&vq=adah+coleman&source=gbs_navlinks_s
• O’Meara, Mallory. “Girly Drinks: A World History of Women and Alcohol.“ Hanover Square Press. 2021.
• “Rupert D’Oyly Carte Dies in London at 71.” The Gazette. Sept. 13, 1948. https://www.newspapers.com/image/421220764/?clipping_id=50107862&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjQyMTIyMDc2NCwiaWF0IjoxNzM3NDAwMDEwLCJleHAiOjE3Mzc0ODY0MTB9.mS2TE4P7Mv_3uB3wevRSJpZDPZYy2a-e7eyG-Hk10Ds
• Saunders, Minott. “Famous Bar Maids Who Worked at Same Bar Twenty Years Without Speaking , Retire.” The Aspen Daily Times. February 16, 1926. https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ADT19260216.2.2&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------
• Styn, Rebecca. “Toast to Ada Coleman, National Women’s History Month.” Chilled. https://chilledmagazine.com/toast-to-ada-coleman-national-womens-history-month/
• Sutcliffe, Theodora. “Ada Coleman.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/2857/people/ada-coleman
• “Women as Barmaids: Published for the Joint Committee on the Employment of Barmaids.” King Publishing. London. 1905. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=B-VNAQAAMAAJ&rdid=book-B-VNAQAAMAAJ&rdot=1

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Helen McNicoll was a Canadian painter who had a significant influence on the rise of Impressionism in that country. McNicoll, who lost her hearing in childhood, was quite successful as an artist, though her career and life were short. 

Research:

• Anderson, Jocelyn. “William Brymner: Life & Work.” Art Canada Institute. https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/william-brymner/biography/
• Atanassova, Katerina. “Helen McNicoll: In Search of Light.” National Gallery of Canada. 5/4/2023. https://www.gallery.ca/magazine/your-collection/helen-mcnicoll-in-search-of-light
• Babbs, Verity. “Painting Bought for $2,700 Revealed to Be $390,000 Masterpiece.” Artnet. 10/23/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/fake-or-fortune-helen-mcnicoll-painting-2557012
• Burton, Samantha. “Helen McNicoll: Life and Work.” Art Canada Institute. https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/helen-mcnicoll/biography/
• Canadian Women Artists History Initiative. “MCNICOLL, Helen Galloway.” https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=105
• Goodman, Rachel. “Renowned Canadian artist’s painting that was lost for over 100 years discovered by U.K. artist.” Now Toronto. 10/6/2024. https://nowtoronto.com/news/renowned-canadian-artists-painting-that-was-lost-for-over-100-years-discovered-by-u-k-artist/
• “Death Cuts Short Promising Career.” The Gazette (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Mon, Jun 28, 1915. Page 5
• Haworth, Lorna Helen. “A History of McKay School for the Deaf.” Master’s Thesis. McGill University. 1960.
• Huneault, Kristina. “Impressions of difference: the painted canvases of Helen McNicoll.” Art History. April 2004.
• Luckyj, Natalie. “Helen McNicoll : a Canadian Impressionist.” Art Gallery of Ontario. 1999.
• Luckyj, Natalie. “McNICOLL, HELEN GALLOWAY,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 14, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed January 14, 2025, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mcnicoll_helen_galloway_14E.html.
• Musee National des Beaux Arts du Quebec. “Musee National des Beaux Arts du Quebec.” https://www.mnbaq.org/en/exhibition/helen-mcnicoll-1306
• Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec. “Helen McNicoll. An impressionist Journey A celebration of light!.” Canadian Newswire. 6/19/2024. https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/helen-mcnicoll-an-impressionist-journey-a-celebration-of-light--811205352.html
• Nash, Julie. “Defining Moments: Mary Cassatt and Helen McNicoll in 1913.” At Herstory. 8/8/2023. https://artherstory.net/defining-moments-mary-cassatt-and-helen-mcnicoll-in-1913/
• Prakash, A.K. "Independent Spirit: Early Canadian Women Artists." Queen's Quarterly, vol. 116, no. 3, fall 2009, pp. 354+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A211717399/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f5c4f4e2. Accessed 13 Jan. 2025.
• Widd, Thomas. “History of the Protestant Institution for Deaf-Mutes, Montreal, Canada.” American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. Vol. 22, No. 4. October 1877. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44401559

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This 2016 episode looks at the beginning of Denmark's monarchy and its link to two large rune stones at Jelling. Is it possible that the stones were part of an effort on Harald Blátand's part to revise the history of his parents, Gorm and Thyre?

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Tracy talks about the way she usually handles names in episodes, and how Icelandic naming conventions changes that. Holly discusses the way that one leader’s petulance can lead nations into unnecessary conflict.

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