Stuff You Missed in History Class

Tracy and Holly talk about Falieri's strange shift from respectability to treason, all that slapping, and the city of Venice. They then discuss time zones and Tracy's difficulty with jet lag.  

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Humans have understood how to calculate the length of a day pretty accurately for a long time. But there wasn’t a standard way to approach time on a global scale until the late 19th century, and happened because of railroads.

Research:

• “INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HELD AT WASHINGTON FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIXING A PRIME MERIDIAN AND A UNIVERSAL DAY.” (Protocols of the Proceedings.” October 1884. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17759/17759-h/17759-h.htm
• Fleming, Sandford. “Terrestrial time: a memoir.” 1876. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_06112/page/n17/mode/2up
• Fleming, Sandford. “Papers on time-reckoning and the selection of a prime meridian to be common to all nations.” 1879. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_03135/page/n17/mode/2up
• Creet, Mario. “FLEMING , Sir SANDFORD.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=7370
• Creet, Mario. “Sandford Fleming and Universal Time.” Scientia Canadensis. Volume 14, numéro 1-2 (38-39). https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/scientia/1990-v14-n1-2-scientia3118/800302ar.pdf
• Shepardson, David. “U.S. Senate approves bill to make daylight saving time permanent.” Reuters. March 16, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-approves-bill-that-would-make-daylight-savings-time-permanent-2023-2022-03-15/
• “What Shall Be the Prime Meridian for the World?” International institute for preserving and perfecting weights and measures. Committee on standard time.  Cleveland, O., 1884. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015019895203&view=1up&seq=8
• Biggerstaff, Valerie. “Opinion: When Georgia had two time zones.” Appen Media. April 14, 2021. https://www.appenmedia.com/opinion/opinion-when-georgia-had-two-time-zones/article_0bb3e6c4-9c84-11eb-a1f5-6b1a42a8e61a.html
• Lange, Katie. “Daylight Saving Time Once Known As 'War Time.'” U.S. Department of Defense. March 8, 2019. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/1779177/daylight-saving-time-once-known-as-war-time/
• “DID BEN FRANKLIN INVENT DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME?” The Franklin Institute. https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/daylight-savings-time
• “United States Congressional Serial Set.” U.S. Government Printing Office. Volume 2296. 1885. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=_1JHAQAAIAAJ&rdid=book-_1JHAQAAIAAJ&rdot=1
• Rosenberg, Matt. "The History and Use of Time Zones." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-are-time-zones-1435358.
• “The New Railroad Time.” New York Times. Oct. 12, 1883. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/10/12/106260579.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• Glass, Andrew. “President Wilson signs Standard Time Act, March 19, 1918.” Politico. March 19, 2018. https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/19/wilson-signs-standard-time-act-march-19-1918-467550
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Sandford Fleming". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Jan. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sandford-Fleming
• “History of Time Zones.” Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Feb. 21, 2021. https://www.bts.gov/geospatial/time-zones
• Gordon, Nicholas. “The Senate wants to make daylight saving time permanent—but that could leave Americans with less sleep and worse health.” Fortune. March 16, 2022. https://fortune.com/2022/03/16/daylight-saving-time-sleep-senate-protecting-sunshine-act/
• “Public Law 89-387 – An ACT To promote the observance of a uniform system of time throughout the United States.” April 13, 1966. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf

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Faliero was the 55th Doge of Venice, a man who was, at least for a time, well respected. But his legacy is that he was the only doge decapitated for treason.  

Research: 

• "Marino Faliero." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 34, Gale, 2014. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010079/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=796d4353. Accessed 31 May 2022.
• Cavendish, Richard. "Execution of Marin Falier, doge of Venice: April 18th, 1355." History Today, vol. 55, no. 4, Apr. 2005, p. 53. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A131363600/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4773db7e. Accessed 31 May 2022.
• Ruggiero, Guido. "Venice." Dictionary of the Middle Ages, edited by Joseph R. Strayer, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2353203009/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=62ef4af1. Accessed 31 May 2022.
• Gardner, John. "Hobhouse, Cato Street and Marino Faliero." Byron Journal, vol. 30, no. 1, annual 2002, pp. 23+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A299760811/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b49771eb. Accessed 31 May 2022.
• Marijke Jonker, “‘Crowned, and Discrowned and Decapitated’: Delacroix’s The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero and its Critics,” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 9, no. 2 (Autumn 2010), http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn10/delacroixs-execution-of-the-doge-marino-faliero-and-its-critics (accessed June 2, 2022).
• Byron, George Gordon. “Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice : an historical tragedy, in five acts : with notes ; The prophecy of Dante : a poem.” London. 1821. https://archive.org/details/marinofalierodog01byro
• Richardson, Jerusha D. and Mrs. Aubrey Richardson. “The Doges of Venice.” London, 1914. https://archive.org/details/cu31924030932812/
• Robey, Tracy E. “"Damnatio memoriae": The Rebirth of Condemnation of Memory in Renaissance Florence.” Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 36, No.3.  Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43446248
• Strathern, Paul. “The Spirit of Venice: From Marco Polo to Casanova.” London. Jonathan Cape. 2012.

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This 2018 episode covers the fraud career of Cassie Chadwick. Her biggest con was convincing banks that she was the daughter of Andrew Carnegie.

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Holly and Tracy talk about Alexis Soyer's legendary charm, Emma Jones, and famine soup. They also talk about the globes and maps they grew up with.

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The Mercator projection gets a lot of grief for distorting the relative sizes of different land masses, but Mercator’s map was actually pretty good at helping people navigate long distances at sea.

Research:

• "A new view: A new world map projection seeks to minimse the problems inherent in flattening the globe." Geographical, vol. 93, no. 4, Apr. 2021, pp. 6+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A669328662/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=ab5b9ea8. Accessed 4 May 2022.
• Battersby, Sarah E. et al. “Implications of Web Mercator and Its Use in Online Mapping.” Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, Volume 49, Number 2, Summer 2014. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547504
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "cylindrical projection". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Oct. 2007, https://www.britannica.com/science/cylindrical-projection. Accessed 5 May 2022.
• DiSpezio, Michael A. “Seafarers, great circles, and a tad of rhumb: Understanding the Mercator Misconception.” Science Scope , NOVEMBER 2010, Vol. 34, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43182923
• Freitas, Pedro. “Pedro Nunes and Mercator: a Map From a Table of Rhumbs.” International Center for Mathematics. Bulletin #37. October 2016. http://www.cim.pt/magazines/bulletin/3/article/31/pdf
• Gaspar, Joaquim Alves and Henrique Leitão. “Squaring the Circle: How Mercator Constructed His Projection in 1569.” Imago Mundi, Vol. 66, No. 1 (2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24270927
• "Gerardus Mercator." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, vol. 3, Gale, 2001. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2643411143/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=40780a22. Accessed 4 May 2022.
• Harvey, PDA. “Portolan charts before 1400.” British Library. https://www.bl.uk/picturing-places/articles/portolan-charts-before-1400
• History Today. “Birth of Gerardus Mercator.” March 2012.
• "Introduction of the Mercator World Map Revolutionizes Nautical Navigation." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, vol. 3, Gale, 2001. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2643450266/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b5b64a31. Accessed 4 May 2022.
• Monmonier, Mark. “Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection.” University of Chicago Press. 2004.
• Sokol, Joshua. “Can This New Map Fix Our Distorted Views of the World?” New York Times. 2/24/2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/science/new-world-map.html

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At a young age, Alexis Soyer became a very well-known chef in both France and England, as popular for his fun personality as for his cooking. But he also left a legacy of invention and charity.

Research:

• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Armand-prince-de-Polignac
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "July Revolution". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/event/July-Revolution
• Guest, Ivor. "Fanny Cerrito". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fanny-Cerrito
• “Soyer stove, sealed pattern, 1953.” National Army Museum. https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=2002-12-6-1#:~:text=The%20Soyer%20stove%2C%20named%20after,modifications%20for%20over%20100%20years.
• Macmillan, Ann. “War Stories.” Simon and Schuster. 2018.
• Sandover, Cherry. “THE TRIUMPH OF FAME OVER DEATH: THE COMMEMORATIVE FUNERARY MONUMTHE ARTIST IN 19TH CENTURY BRITAIN AS SIGNIFIER OF IDENTITY.” University of Essex. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/12192637/SUMMARY_OF_THE_DISSERTATION_THE_TRIUMPH_OF_FAME_OVER_DEATH_THE_COMMEMORATIVE_FUNERARY_MONUMTHE_ARTIST_IN_19TH_CENTURY_BRITAIN_AS_SIGNIFIER_OF_IDENTITY_
• Pickering, W. “Obituary – Madame Soyer.”  The Gentleman’s Magazine. Volume 172. 1842. https://books.google.com/books?id=rCZIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA667#v=onepage&q&f=false
• Soyer, Alexis. “Memoirs of Alexis Soyer With Unpublished Receipts and Odds and Ends of Gastronomy.” Edited by F. Volant, et al. Cambridge University Press. 2014.
• Brandon, Ruth. “The People’s Chef.” Wiley. 2004. 

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This 2018 episode covers Anne Lister, who was looking for a wife at a time when many women sought husbands to ensure financial stability. She was also writing thousands of pages of diaries, including sections written in code about her relationships.

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Tracy and Holly talk about the folklore aspects of Jack Sheppard's story, and how a mustache drawn on a photo of Charles Ponzi was part of Pulitzer Prize-winning journalism about that case.

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He’s synonymous with fraud today, but the most famous scheme Charles Ponzi pulled in his lifetime was surprisingly short-lived. 

Research:

• "Charles Ponzi Cheats Thousands in Investment Scheme, 1919-1920." Historic U.S. Events, Gale, 2012. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2359030095/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=2fa9c993. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022.
• "Ponzi Scheme." Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 8, Gale, 2010, pp. 32-35. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1337703388/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=156ed9f9. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022.
• "Ponzi, Charles." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by James Craddock, 2nd ed., vol. 34, Gale, 2014, pp. 291-294. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3788300138/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b742c693. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022.
• Baldwin, Herbert L. “Canadian ‘Ponsi’ Served Jail Term – Montreal Police, Jail Warden and Others Declare That Charles Ponzi of Boston and Charles Ponsi of Montreal Who Was Sentenced to Two and a Half years in Jail for Forgery on Italian Bank Are One And Same Man.” Boston Post. 8/11/1920. p. 1, 18.
• Boston Post. “Arrest in Ponzi Case May Be Made Today.” 8/12/1920. p.1, 22.
• Boston Post. “Boston Man Is Sued For $1,000,000.” 7/4/1920. p. 3.
• Boston Post. “Both Barron and Ponzi Give Talk.” 7/31/1920. p. 3.
• Boston Post. “Doubles Your Money in 90 days – 50 P.C. in 45.” 7/24/1920. p. 1, 4.
• Boston Post. “Entire Issue of Coupons Last Year Only $60,000.” 8/4/1920. p. 6.
• Boston Post. “Federal Officials Scout Ponzi Claim.” 7/31/2910. p. 1, 2.
• Boston Post. “Financial Editors Notes.” 7/26/1920. p. 13.
• Boston Post. “Great Run on Ponzi Continues Until Office Is Closed For Day.” 8/3/1920. p. 1, 2.
• Boston Post. “Million Is Paid Back by Ponzi.” 7/28/1920. p. 1, 24.
• Boston Post. “Officials Balked by Ponzi Puzzle.” 7/30/1920. p. 1, 11.
• Boston Post. “Ponzi Books In Hands of U.S. Auditor.” 7/31/1920. p. 1, 2.
• Boston Post. “Ponzi Closes; Not Likely to Resume.” 7/26/1920. p. 1, 7.
• Boston Post. “Ponzi Relates Story of His Life.” 8/9/1920. p. 16.
• Boston Post. “Questions the Motive Behind Ponzi Scheme.” 7/26/1920. p. 1, 6.
• Boston Post. “Seeking Source of Big Profits.” 7/28/1920.  p. 20.
• Boston Post. “Uncle Sam to Get the Facts of Ponzi’s Case.” 7/29/1920. p. 1, 24.
• Boston Sunday Post. “Ponzi Has a Rival Next Door to Him.” 7/25/1920. p. 1, 15.
• Darby, Mary. “In Ponzi We Trust.” Smithsonian. 12/1998. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-ponzi-we-trust-64016168/
• Kerr, Jessie-Lynne. “Ponzi lived here: Infamous name tied to scheme was local.” Florida Times-Union. 12/21/2008. https://www.jacksonville.com/story/business/2008/12/22/ponzi-lived-here-infamous-name-tied-to-scheme-was-local/16001631007/
• Mohamed, Alana. “The Ladies' Deposit: The 19th-Century Ponzi Scheme by Women, for Women.” Mental Floss. 5/14/2018. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/542689/ladies-deposit-19th-century-ponzi-scheme-women-women
• New England Historical Society. “Charles Ponzi, The Financial Idiot Who Drove Boston Money Mad in 1920.” https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/charles-ponzi-the-financial-idiot-who-drove-boston-money-mad-in-1920/
• Smithsonian National Postal Museum. “Ponzi Scheme.” https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/behind-the-badge-case-histories-scams-and-schemes/ponzi-scheme
• Tampa Times. “Gave Up 195 Sq. Inches Cuticle.” 12/28/1912. p.6.
• Weisman, Steve. “The History of Ponzi Schemes Goes Deeper Than the Man Who Gave Them His Name.” Time. 8/12/2020. https://time.com/5877434/first-ponzi-scheme/
• Zuckoff, Mitchell. “Ponzi’s Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend.” Random House. 2005.

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