The Dissenter

The Dissenter

By Ricardo LopesScience
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The Dissenter episodes

  • #178 Stephen Shennan: Darwinian Archaeology, Culture, And The Origins of Agriculture

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    Dr. Stephen Shennan is Professor of Theoretical Archaeology in the Institute of Archaeology at University College London. Dr. Shennan focuses on cultural evolution and Darwinian archaeology, applying theories from evolutionary ecology and cladistics to archaeology. In July 2006, he was elected Fellow of the British Academy. He’s the author of several books, including Genes, Memes and Human History: Darwinian Archaeology and Cultural Evolution, Mapping Our Ancestors: Phylogenetic Approaches in Anthropology and Prehistory, and The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective.

    In this episode, we talk about Darwinian Archaeology. We start off by addressing the differences in terms of theoretical foundations and methodology between traditional Archaeology and Darwinian Archaeology. Then, we talk about we talk about some basilar aspects of the study of cultures, like the importance of innovation, how to delimitate cultures from one another, and “folk science”. In the second part of the interview, we discuss the origins and spread of agriculture, as informed by archaeological findings. We talk about how agriculture spread through Europe, and aspects related to demography, diet, famine and disease. At the end, Dr. Shennan also explains what the Neolithic was about. 

    --

    Follow Dr. Shennan’s work:

    Faculty page: https://bit.ly/2JJ7nvM

    Articles on Researchgate: https://bit.ly/2Xw556c

    Academia.edu profile: https://bit.ly/2FGbEwd

    Amazon page: https://amzn.to/2Ot9hiV

    Referrenced books/articles:

    Genes, Memes and Human History: https://amzn.to/2uwm7UE

    Mapping Our Ancestors: https://amzn.to/2TXYrYl

    The First Farmers of Europe: https://amzn.to/2TYGYPy

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, JUSTIN WATERS, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK AND AIRES ALMEIDA!

    A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY FIRST PRODUCER, Yzar Wehbe!

    55 min
  • #76 David Christian: Big History, and the Unity of Knowledge

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    Dr. David Christian is Professor at the Department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations at Macquarie University. He is notable for teaching and promoting the discipline of Big History. He is credited with coining the term Big History and he serves as president of the International Big History Association. He’s the author of several books, including Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, and the recently published Origin Story: A Big History of Everything. 

    In this episode, we focus on Big History. Topics include: the methodological differences between Big History and traditional History; new views on the human condition and the meaning of life; the impact agriculture had on human life; how to look at progress; predictions about the future; and how Big History can contribute to establish a common ground for the sciences and the humanities.

    Time Links:

    00:46 What is Big History?   

    03:17 The methodological differences between Big History and traditional History 

    05:37 The place of humans in the Universe

    09:35 Human existence and the meaning of life 

    13:44 Can History become scientific?  

    16:51 The place for evolutionary psychology in Big History   

    27:38 The advent of agriculture, and its impact

    33:18 If we lead ourselves to extinction, is this progress?

    36:46 It’s much easier to predict cosmological rather than human events

    39:55 What common threads can we use to connect all the sciences?

    45:04 Can Big History help to establish bridges between the sciences?

    48:14 How to reconcile the sciences and the humanities?

    51:57 The problem with the lack of paradigms in the humanities

    55:14 Follow Dr. Christian’s work

    --

    Follow Dr. Christian’s work:

    Big History Project: https://www.bighistoryproject.com/home

    Big History Institute: https://www.mq.edu.au/bighistory

    Big History on The Great Courses: https://tinyurl.com/y8lq5e2v

    Books: https://tinyurl.com/ycwvqwqc

    Twitter handle: @davidgchristian

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g

    58 min
  • #177 Azim Shariff: The Science of Religion, Morality, And Self-Driving Cars

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    Anchor (podcast): https://anchor.fm/thedissenter


    Dr. Azim Shariff is Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair at the University of British Columbia, Canada. He is a social psychologist whose research focuses on where morality intersects with religion, cultural attitudes and economics. Another rapidly expanding part of his research looks at human-technology interactions and the ethics of automation, including self-driving cars.

    In this episode, we talk about the science of religion, and the ethics of self-driving cars. First, we refer to the role that the science of religion plays in the integration of the Humanities and the Sciences. Then, we address the prosocial and moral aspects of religion, starting with the role that Big Gods played in allowing for cohesion in large societies, and also the traits that work better in them. Also, why it is more difficult to explain religious misbelief than religious thinking. Finally, we discuss the ethics of self-driving cars, what people prefer to be their decisions, and what the future might hold for this technology.

    --

    Follow Dr. Shariff’s work:

    Faculty page: https://bit.ly/2U4Xj4b

    Articles on Researchgate: https://bit.ly/2NCo2PZ

    The Science of Religion MOOC (Edx): https://bit.ly/2lsl41X

    Twitter handle: @azimshariff

    Paper referenced in the interview + comment:

    Complex societies precede moralizing gods 

    throughout world history

    Complex societies precede moralizing gods throughout world history: https://go.nature.com/2CxTVoy

    Corrected analyses show that moralizing gods precede complex societies but serious data concerns remain: https://psyarxiv.com/jwa2n

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, JUSTIN WATERS, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK AND AIRES ALMEIDA!

    A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY FIRST PRODUCER, Yzar Wehbe!

    57 min
  • #75 Andrew Thomas: Human Mating, Sex Differences, and the Concept of Gender

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    Dr. Andrew Thomas is a Lecturer in Psychology at Swansea University, UK. His research is concerned with the differences in mating strategies within and between the sexes. This includes environmental and social factors which contribute to this variance and whether mating preferences themselves are reactive to environmental changes over short term periods. He also has a secondary interest in cyber-psychology and online interaction; particularly how one represents oneself using internet avatars and aliases.

    In this episode, we talk about some of the knowledge coming from evolutionary psychology about the mating preferences of men and women, and also about some of the research from Dr. Thomas on that matter. More specifically, we discuss if the idea of more than 2 genders has any scientific plausibility, and if sex and gender are two distinct entities; the model of Males Compete Females Choose (MCFC) that is still dominant in evolutionary psychology, and the alternative of MMC (Mutual Mate Choice); and we end up addressing some of studies done in cyberpsychology, namely in online games and social media, and their limitations.

    Time Links:

    00:33 Sex differences in mating strategies   

    06:47 Are there more than two genders? 

    15:40 Are sex and gender two separate things?

    19:16 Do males compete and females choose?   

    27:14 Do women invest more than men in their offspring?  

    32:13 Do people care about the number of people their partners slept with?   

    36:16 Cyberpsychology, and can we generalize from virtual to real-life situations? 

    43:54 Studying sex differences on social media and dating websites 

    47:38 Do virtual environments properly emulate real-life situations?

    50:36 Follow Dr. Thomas’ work    

    --

    Follow Dr. Thomas’ work:

    Faculty page: https://tinyurl.com/y9ymb8f9

    And a couple of papers.

    Mating strategy flexibility in the laboratory: Preferences for long- and short-term mating change in response to evolutionarily relevant variables: https://www.ehbonline.org/article/S1090-5138(17)30017-X/abstract

    The Ape That Thought It Was a Peacock: Does Evolutionary Psychology Exaggerate Human Sex Differences?: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1047840X.2013.804899

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g 

    53 min
  • #74 Christopher Chabris: The Invisible Gorilla, and Other Cognitive Illusions

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    Dr. Christopher Chabris is a Professor at Geisinger, an integrated healthcare system in Pennsylvania, and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, France. He has taught at Union College and Harvard University. He received his Ph.D. in psychology and A.B. in computer science from Harvard. His research focuses on attention, intelligence (individual, collective, and social), behavior genetics, and decision-making. His work has been published in leading journals including Science, Nature, PNAS, Psychological Science, Perception, and Cognitive Science. Chris is also co-author of the bestselling book The Invisible Gorilla: How Our Intuitions Deceive Us, published in 20 languages. 

    In this episode, we center the conversation around the book The Invisible Gorilla, and we go through all of the cognitive illusions covered there. Topics include: illusions of attention; illusions of memory; illusions of confidence; illusions of knowledge; illusions of cause; illusions of potential; and how to counter their negative effects.

    Time Links:

    Are illusions errors of cognition?

    06:30 Illusions of attention, or why can’t you see the gorilla   

    13:35 Our memory doesn’t work like a video camera (illusions of memory) 

    16:22 Are cognitive illusions innate or cultural constructs?

    20:49 Being overconfident (illusions of confidence) 

    29:21 We think we know much more than we do (illusions of knowledge)  

    34:39 The sunk cost fallacy   

    36:23 Seeing causal relations everywhere (illusions of cause)

    41:06 Believing that we are capable of anything (illusions of potential)

    44:30 Ways to counter cognitive illusions

    50:48 Follow Dr. Chabris’ work

    --

    Follow Dr. Chabris’ work:

    Personal website: http://www.chabris.com/

    Book The Invisible Gorilla: https://tinyurl.com/ycl3352y

    Twitter handle: @cfchabris

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g

    53 min
  • #73 Richard Nisbett: What Social Psychology Tells Us About Cognition

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    Dr. Richard Nisbett is the Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished Professor of social psychology and co-director of the Culture and Cognition program at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He was the recipient of the Donald T. Campbell Award from the American Psychological Association in 1982, and he’s a Guggenheim fellow. He’s also the author of several books, including Culture of Honor, The Geography of Thought, and Mindware.

    In today’s episode, we talk about some of the work by Dr. Nisbett on social psychology and human cognition. More specifically: his views on the innate and evolutionary bases of cognition; different cognitive defaults between Eastern and Western peoples; the fact that cognition works mostly at a subconscious level; and cultural differences between northern and southern states of the US, and some of their social and political implications.  

    Time Links:

    00:44 How human cognition works

    02:34 Culture-gene coevolution  

    09:33 Is cognition partly innate? 

    12:38 Evolutionary psychology and the modularity of the mind

    14:44 Cognition in Eastern and Western peoples 

    25:50 What elements of culture influence cognition? 

    35:48 Culture is not deterministic   

    39:37 Cognition occurs mostly at a subconscious level

    43:44 Post-hoc rationalizations

    46:08 Cultural differences between northern and southern states in the US

    55:52 Follow Dr. Nisbett’s work

    --

    Follow Dr. Nisbett’s work:

    Faculty page: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~nisbett/

    Books: https://tinyurl.com/ybpqa89z

    Try the MOOC “Mindware: Critical Thinking for the Information Age”: https://www.coursera.org/learn/mindware

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g

    59 min
  • #176 John Brooke: Environmental History, And The Anthropocene

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    Dr. John Brooke is Arts & Sciences Distinguished Professor of History, Professor of Anthropology, and Director of the Ohio State University Center for Historical Research. He is also the co-chair of the 2011-2012 Program: Disease, Health, and Environment in Global History. In 2007-2008 he served as the president of the Society of Historians of the Early American Republic. His teaching areas include Early American History and Environmental History. His most recent book, Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, published in 2014, examines the long material and natural history of the human condition.

    In this episode, we talk about Dr. Brooke’s book, Climate Change and the Course of Global History, and about the discipline of Environmental History. We start with a definition of the discipline, and its objects of study, and then go through some of the major evolutionary steps in our History, like the development of culture and agriculture. Then we refer to how climate fluctuations played a role in the crash of societies since the advent of agriculture, and also the role of epidemics and war. We also talk about a recent study about how the arrival of Europeans in the Americas contributed to the death of the death of 55 million people and a drop in global temperatures. After that, we discuss the environmental conditions that favored the development of the industrial revolution in Northern Europe, and how it also might have contributed to the abolishment of slavery. Toward the end, we talk about the Anthropocene, and human-made climate change, and how to best tackle it, and also the relationship between Environmental History and Big History, and using energy/energy density as a common metric from Physics to History.

    --

    Follow Dr. Brooke’s work:

    Faculty page: https://bit.ly/2HzW1IN

    Articles on Researchgate: https://bit.ly/2BWELZI

    Climate Change and the Course of Global History: https://amzn.to/2Hdz5OF

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, JUSTIN WATERS, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK AND AIRES ALMEIDA!

    A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY FIRST PRODUCER, Yzar Wehbe!

    1 hr 31 min
  • #72 Randy Thornhill: Why Men Rape, and How to Prevent It With Science

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    Dr. Randy Thornhill is an American entomologist and evolutionary biologist. He is a professor of biology at the University of New Mexico, and was president of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society from 2011 to 2013. He is known for his evolutionary explanation of rape as well as his work on insect mating systems and the parasite-stress theory. He’s the author of several books, including A Natural History of Rape, and The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality.

    In this episode, we focus on the main topics of Dr. Thornhill’s book, A Natural History of Rape (https://tinyurl.com/yaad244x). We explore the evolutionary bases of rape; the sex differences and optimal sexual strategies that give rise to it; why women suffer so much from it, and the possible social consequences; what’s wrong with social constructionist theories of rape, and why don’t really help the victims of with its prevention; and science-based solutions to it.

    Time Links:

    00:40 How evolutionary theory helps us understand rape better   

    04:14 Sex differences in sexual strategies  

    07:40 Why is rape so painful to women?

    10:30 The risk for women to lose a male partner after getting raped  

    11:41 Traits the pose an increasing risk of rape for women  

    19:38 Rape is not a cultural construct   

    21:16 Signs of physical violence and resistance reduce mate leaving 

    25:48 Are men also victims of rape?

    29:12 Why social constructionist theories of rape don’t help

    34:48 Science-based policies to prevent rape

    43:01 Is advice for women to prevent rape sexist, or “victim-blaming”?

    45:43 Evolutionary theory applied to clinical psychology

    47:08 Follow Dr. Thornhill’s work    

    --

    Follow Dr. Thornhill’s work:

    Faculty page: http://biology.unm.edu/Thornhill/rthorn.htm

    Books: https://tinyurl.com/y95a5myn

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g

    51 min
  • #71 Massimo Pigliucci: The Philosophy of Pseudoscience

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    Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT


    Dr. Massimo Pigliucci is Professor of Philosophy at CUNY-City College, formerly co-host of the Rationally Speaking Podcast, and formerly the editor in chief for the online magazine Scientia Salon. He’s also the author of several books, including Phenotypic Plasticity, Philosophy of Pseudoscience, and How to Be a Stoic.

    In today’s episode, we talk about how we can demarcate pseudoscience from science. We go more specifically into certain criteria, like falsifiability, predictability, explicability, and replicability; the distinction between pseudoscience and anti-science; and we also discuss if science, in the end, is a cultural construct, though not as the postmoderns would have it.  

    Time Links:

    00:43 What is the demarcation problem?

    02:41 Falsifiability  

    09:32 Predictability and explicability 

    13:50 Is there a set of criteria that infallibly identify something as scientific? 

    22:21 The disunity of science 

    26:52 The problem with replicability 

    35:38 Is it important to distinguish pseudoscience from anti-science?   

    38:28 The example of Intelligent Design

    39:55 Why is it important to properly distinguish science from pseudoscience?

    43:17 Is science a cultural construct?

    50:15 Is reliance on science experts an argument from authority?

    54:24 Follow Dr. Pigliucci’s work

    --

    Follow Dr. Pigliucci’s work:

    Faculty page: https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/profiles/massimo-pigliucci

    Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/mpigliucci/

    Books: https://tinyurl.com/yc6tq7ym

    Twitter handle: @mpigliucci

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, AND HANS FREDRIK SUNDE!

    I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018:

    https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo

    And check out my playlists on:

    PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km

    PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

    ANTHROPOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/y8b42r7g

    56 min
  • #175 Nicole Barbaro: Mating, Life History, Attachment, And Mate Guarding

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    Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT

      

    Nicole Barbaro is currently a PhD student in evolutionary psychology at Oakland University, studying under the advisement of Todd K. Shackelford. She serves as the Student Representative of the Executive Council for the Human Behavior and Evolution Society. She also serves on the Editorial Board as a Review Editor for Frontiers in Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, as well as a Section Editor for the Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Her interests are in human sexual psychology and behavior, including application of life history theory and sperm competition theory.

    In this episode, our discussion is focused on human mating, life history theory, attachment theory and attachment styles, and also mate guarding and mate retention strategies. We first refer to the many dimensions of human mating, and the innate and environmental aspects of it. Then, we talk about the types of attachment that we have, and how they related to how we establish romantic relationships. We also refer to the specific case of coalitional mate retention strategies. Finally, we discuss the role of marriage and children in romantic relationships, and pair-bonding, parental investment and cooperative breeding in humans. 

    --

    Follow Dr. Nicole’s work:

    Website: https://www.nicolebarbaro.com/

    Articles of Researchgate: https://bit.ly/2TQs0eg

    Twitter handle: @NicoleBarbaro

    --

    A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA, ADRIANO ANDRADE, YEVHEN BODRENKO, SERGIU CODREANU, ADAM BJERRE, JUSTIN WATERS, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK AND AIRES ALMEIDA!

    A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY FIRST PRODUCER, Yzar Wehbe!


    1 hr

About The Dissenter

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My name is Ricardo Lopes, and I’m from Portugal. Thank you for visiting my podcast.

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