In this episode, Dr. Steve Edelman sits down with Michael Killiam, Director of Clinical Services at Pacific Northwest Research Institute, to discuss two groundbreaking studies—TEDDY and Cascade—that have shaped our understanding of genetic and environmental triggers for type 1 diabetes. The TEDDY study, spanning over 20 years and involving nearly 8,800 participants, investigates why some genetically at-risk individuals develop type 1 diabetes while others do not. Cascade builds upon TEDDY’s findings, aiming to integrate early screening into standard healthcare and identify potential preventative interventions. Michael and Dr. Edelman break down the major findings of these studies, including the role of viruses, genetics, and immune responses, and what they mean for the future of type 1 diabetes prevention and treatment.

Key Topics:

• What is the TEDDY Study, and why is it so important?
• Can genetics alone determine who will develop type 1 diabetes?
• How do environmental factors influence the onset of type 1 diabetes?
• Do certain viruses trigger autoimmune attacks on beta cells?
• What did TEDDY reveal about the timing of early autoimmunity?
• Can diet or probiotics help lower the risk of type 1 diabetes?
• What is the Cascade Study, and how does it build on TEDDY’s research?
• How does newborn screening for type 1 diabetes risk work?
• Could vitamin D, Omega-3s, or other supplements slow or prevent type 1 diabetes?
• What’s next in research for type 1 diabetes prevention and treatment?

Teddy Study: https://teddy.epi.usf.edu/

CASCDE study: https://cascadekids.org/