Ramez Naam is an investor at Planetary VC and a longtime clean energy and AI expert. In this conversation, we break down the energy bottleneck constraining AI growth — from gas turbines and batteries to floating ocean data centers and Elon's orbital data center ambitions. We also cover why bitcoin miners are pivoting to AI infrastructure, general vs. narrow superintelligence, and the data bottleneck reshaping AI training.

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• 0:00 - Intro
• 1:03 - Why power is the real bottleneck for AI & solutions
• 7:35 - Elon's orbital data center thesis
• 11:17 - Cooling & maintenance challenges in space
• 15:06 - Panthalassa: floating ocean data centers
• 19:16 - Base Power & Texas deregulated grid
• 21:30 - Giga Energy: from bitcoin mining to AI infrastructure
• 22:44 - American Consolidated Electric & supple chain bottlenecks
• 24:58 - General vs. narrow superintelligence
• 33:02 - Where untapped data lives & building a data moat
• 36:47 - Token costs, open source models & model routing
• 41:53 - What is the mission Ramez is going after?