Counselor Toolbox Podcast with DocSnipes

1051-Addiction Counselor's Guide to the Neuroscience of Stimulants

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Introduction to Stimulants

  • Stimulants affect the neurological system by altering neurotransmitter levels.
  • Key neurotransmitters impacted include dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

    • Dopamine’s Role in Addiction

    • Dopamine regulates movement, motivation, and mood. It plays a major role in the brain's reward pathways, which can reinforce addictive behaviors.
    • Stimulants increase dopamine release, creating feelings of pleasure and reinforcing drug use.

      • Stimulant Effects on the Nervous System

      • Stimulants trigger the stress response, causing a release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and cortisol.
      • This results in heightened focus, energy, and mood regulation, but also leads to issues such as agitation and potential cardiovascular effects.

        • Tolerance and Dependency

        • Over time, the body can become tolerant to stimulants, requiring higher doses for the same effect.
        • Psychological and physiological dependency can develop, leading to withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and cravings.

          • Commonly Abused Stimulants

          • Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamines, and prescription ADHD medications like methylphenidate are among the most commonly abused stimulants.
          • These substances vary in potency and half-life, but all can cause significant neurological and physical effects when misused.

            • Withdrawal and Detox

            • Withdrawal symptoms from stimulants can include depression, irritability, fatigue, and drug cravings.
            • Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) may last for weeks or months, requiring ongoing support and monitoring during recovery.

              • Impact of Stimulants on Mental Health

              • Chronic stimulant use can lead to paranoia, anxiety, and even psychotic symptoms in some cases.
              • Long-term use also impacts the body's ability to regulate stress, contributing to systemic inflammation and reduced immunity.


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                Counselor Toolbox Podcast with DocSnipesBy Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
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