Today we are continuing our cholesterol series.  In Part One we discussed what cholesterol actually is, as it is often vilified in conventional medicine.  We learned that our body needs cholesterol in order to build healthy cells.  Cholesterol is a part of the outer layer of our cells, the membrane of the cells.  It is also the initial part of the steroidogenic pathway.  In Part Two we dove deep into LDL and HDL.  We discussed that cholesterol cannot travel throughout the body on its own – it needs a friend.  LDL is responsible for moving cholesterol throughout the body to the tissues, whereas HDL’s role is to bring cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver. Today we are going to discuss apolipoproteins, in particular, Apo B and Apo A. We are going to talk about what they are – the role they play in the body – the cardiovascular risks or benefits associated with higher levels. 

Just a quick disclaimer that this podcast is meant for educational purposes only and is not meant to diagnose or be a substitute for medical advice from your practitioner.

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** Interesting articles for more information**

ApoPred: Identification of Apolipoproteins and Their Subfamilies With Multifarious Features: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.621144/full

Effect of APOB polymorphism rs562338 (G/A) on serum proteome of

Biochemistry, Apolipoprotein B:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538139/

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8540246/

Physiological Bases for the Superiority of Apolipoprotein B Over Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Non–HighDensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol

The Association between Apolipoprotein B, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis—Findings from the SEPHAR National

Pleiotropic Effects of APOB Variants on Lipid Profiles, Metabolic Syndrome, and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9735756/

Apolipoprotein B Displays Superior Predictive Value Than Other Lipids for Long-Term Prognosis in Coronary Atherosclerosis Patients and

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol Versus LDL Cholesterol for Ischemic Stroke Risk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9545003/

Glycation Reduces the Stability of ApoAI and Increases HDL Dysfunction in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: ⁠https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800833/⁠

HDL Particle Subspecies and Their Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The PREVEND Study: ⁠https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8118359/⁠

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/10/690

A Role for Proteoglycans in Vascular Disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110991/

Association of apolipoprotein A1 with osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36864426/

Human apoA-I[Lys107del] mutation affects lipid surface behavior of apoA-I and its ability to form large nascent HDL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926306/

ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease: https://www.nature.com/articles/labinvest201656