In this episode, we review pre-operative cardiovascular risk stratification for noncardiac surgery. What is considered a low-risk surgery? What does "risk" refer too–risk of what? How are emergent surgery, urgent surgery, time-sensitive surgery, and elective surgery defined? How does functional capacity factor into decisions about preoperative testing? What are the cardinal steps for determining whether additional cardiac testing is needed pre-operatively? When is it appropriate to get a pre-operative echocardiogram, stress test, coronary CTA, or cardiac catheterization? How long must dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) be continued for a drug-eluting stent implanted for a presentation of acute coronary syndrome versus a drug-eluting stent implanted electively? When is the earliest where it is appropriate to interrupt DAPT? What are the new recommendations on holding anticoagulation, beta-blockers, RAAS inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and statins pre-operatively? Tune in for answers to these questions.

Difficulty Level: Easy

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