In this episode, we review chronic heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced, improved, and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFimpEF, HFpEF). What are the stages of HF, and what therapies should be given to patients with pre-heart failure? What does adverse myocardial remodeling involve? While core GDMT for HFrEF is well-known, what constitutes core GDMT for HFpEF and HFmrEF? When should you use adjunctive GDMT such as ivabradine, vericiguat, digoxin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and potassium binders? Tune in for answers to these questions.

Difficulty Level: Easy

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