Kia ora,

Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

And today we lead with news financial markets are struggling to make sense of the US Fed's latest rate cut rationale, one that looks infused with new White House politics.

First up this morning, the US central bank cut its policy rate by -25 bps to 4.25% as expected, despite noting that American inflation is "somewhat elevated". It is their first reduction in borrowing costs since December 2024.

They said they saw economic activity moderating in the first half of the year with job gains slowing and the unemployment rate edging up. But they still called their jobless rate 'low'. At the same time they noted inflation has moved up. But their economic projections showed they expect inflation over the next year to average 3.4%, higher than the latest CPI level of 2.9%.

For some reason, this rising inflation, and 'low' unemployment was the basis for cutting their policy rate. Like many core US institutions, partisan politics is now infecting the Fed. Keeping the pressures under cover, the Fed's press release was unusually short this time, likely papering over the pressures being brought to bear. It looks like the only dissenter was the recent White House injected member.

Financial markets have reacted however. After being lower ahead of the decisions, the S&P500 went volatile and is back, tracking slightly lower. The bond market also went volatile, and changed its course to push yields higher. The USD fell and the dollar index (DXY) is now at its lowest level since February 2022. Gold pushed up to a new record high - and then fell back. None of these reactions show confidence in the Trump pressures on the Fed.

Meanwhile, US mortgage applications jumped sharply last week, a week that included the US Labor Day holiday. Mortgage interest rates dipped -10 bps in the week and borrowers who need to refinance rushed the opportunity. But new borrowing not so much.

However, American housing starts tumbled uncomfortably in August, down far more than was anticipated to be -8.5% below July levels, and -6.0% lower than year-ago levels. New house building consents came in -11.1% below year ago levels, so it is unlikely their housebuilding industry will recover any time soon.

Overnight, Canada also reviewed its policy interest rate overnight and cut them too, largely as expected. That takes their key rate to 2.5%. They see a weakening in the resilience first shown by Canadian reactions to their bullying from their southern neighbour. They are watching Canadian consumers and businesses becoming more 'cautious'.

In Australia later today, we will get the August labour market report where another small gain in jobs is anticipated (+22,000) and their jobless rate is expected to hold at 4.2%.

The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.07%, up +4 bps from yesterday at this time after some bumpy volatility.

The price of gold will start today at US$3,658/oz, down -US$29 from yesterday post the Fed.

American oil prices are little-changed at just under US$64.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just under US$68.50/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar is at just on 59.7 USc and down -25 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 89.6 AUc. Against the euro we are down -5 bps at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.5, down -20 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$115,997 and down -0.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been low at just under +/- 0.8%.

Join us at 10:45am this morning for full coverage of the New Zealand Q2-2025 GDP result. Financial markets are expecting a -0.3% dip from Q1 and no year-on-year economic expansion.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.