There's been renewed debate around Bryan Caplan's The Case Against Education recently, so I want to discuss one way I think about this question.

Education isn't just about facts. But it's partly about facts. Facts are easy to measure, and they're a useful signpost for deeper understanding. If someone has never heard of Chaucer, Dickens, Melville, Twain, or Joyce, they probably haven't learned to appreciate great literature. If someone can't identify Washington, Lincoln, or either Roosevelt, they probably don't understand the ebb and flow of American history. So what facts does the average American know?

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/a-theoretical-case-against-education