Dr. Lucy S. King (Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans) and Dr. Kathryn L. Humphreys (Vanderbilt University, Nashville) join AJP Audio to discuss the long term impacts of a pioneering randomized controlled trial that looked at the impacts of institutional care versus home foster care in children, the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. They also discuss the impacts of deprivation on children's development and mental health, and the thorny ethics of research involving children.

Transcript

• The impact of deprivation [01:19]
• Bucharest Early Intervention Project and the ethics of research involving children [04:43]
• Analyzing diverse data [08:57]
• Why revisit this trial? [16:05]
• Long term impacts of the intervention [18:39]
• Limitations [23:22]
• Policy implications [26:16]
• Further research [30:18]

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Dr. Dylan J. Jester (VA Palo Alto Medical Center in Palo Alto, California) joins AJP Audio to discuss the differential impact of selected social determinants of health on the mental health outcomes of older Black, White, and Latinx adults in the United States. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses how issues of substance use disorder draw together the rest of the July issue.

Transcript

• Jester interview [00:48]
• Which social determinants of health did you focus on? [03:31]
• Societal factors versus individual criteria [04:30]
• Data [05:25]
• Lessons for policymakers [06:30]
• Limitations [07:37]
• What's next for your research? [08:36]
• Kalin interview [10:11]
• Jester et al. [10:21]
• Dienel et al. [12:50]
• Jacob et al. [16:15]
• Joshi et al. [18:50]

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Dr. Mark Olfson (Columbia University) discusses the links between opioid prescribing and suicide risk in the United States. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses how issues of substance use disorder draw together the rest of the June issue.

Transcript

• Olfson interview [00:46]
• Geographic commuting areas [01:06]
• Opioid prescription measures [02:10]
• Rates of opioid prescription and suicide [03:27]
• Youngest age cohorts as outliers [04:19]
• Regional variations [04:57]
• Limitations [05:17]
• Clinical implications [05:55]
• What's next for your research? [06:21]
• Kalin interview [06:42]
• Olfson et al. [07:00]
• Vickers-Smith et al. [08:36]
• Rognli et al. [10:44]
• Garrison et al. [12:51]

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Ms. Gal Arad (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel) discusses a non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of social anxiety disorder in comparison with standard care. Afterwards, we'll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the May issue.

Transcript

• Arad interview [00:18]
• What were your results? [02:11]
• Reduction in dwell time on threatening faces [03:36]
• Limitations [04:09]
• Immediate clinical implications [05:27]
• Further research [05:58]
• Kalin interview [06:37]
• Arad et al. [06:55]
• Grant et al. [09:07]
• Reddy et al. [10:59]
• Taipal et al. [13:28]
• Buchanan and Krane [14:39]
• Brandt et al. [15:41]

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Dr. David G. Amaral (University of California, Davis) is an author of a review paper in the April issue of AJP looking at the use of animal models and other forms of translational neuroscience in the investigation of autism spectrum disorder. He joins us on AJP Audio to discuss it. Afterwards, we'll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the April issue.

Transcript

• Amaral interview [00:56]
• Advantages and disadvantages of animal model research [02:14]
• What goes into determining which animals might be good candidates for research in human neurology? [04:52]
• How does basic research get translated into clinical treatments? [08:28]
• Alternatives to animal models [10:21]
• Promise of research moving forward [12:22]
• Kalin interview [15:30]
• Veenstra-VanderWeele et al. [15:46]
• Kato et al. [17:02]
• Zwicker et al. [19:17]
• Kim et al. [22:22]
• Zeng et al. [26:14]

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Dr. Gary S. Sachs (Harvard Medical School) joins us for the for the March episode of AJP Audio, discussing the results from a phase 3 study looking at the use of atypical antipsychotic cariprazine as an adjunctive treatment for major depression in conjunction with antidepressants. Afterwards, we'll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the March issue.

Transcript

• Sachs interview [00:47]
• Why is treating major depressive disorder in patients proven to be such a challenge for clinicians? [01:54]
• Why cariprazine in conjunction with antidepressants? [02:37]
• Atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants [03:22]
• Atypical antipsychotics and side effects [05:23]
• Limitations [07:09]
• Clinical implications for the treatment of major depressive disorder [08:29]
• What's next for your research? [09:15]
• Kalin interview [10:09]
• Sachs et al. [10:25]
• Hasseris et al. [12:35]
• Visontay et al. [15:15]
• Dunlop et al. [17:10]
• Elbau et al. [19:56]

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This episode of AJP Audio features two articles from the February issue of AJP. First up, we have Nathaniel G. Harnett, Ph.D. (Harvard Medical School), discussing the impact of adversity and stress on racial disparities in childhood brain development among Black and White American children. Following that, Ziv Ben-Zion, Ph.D. (Yale University), discusses a non-exact replication study of a study published in AJP by Stevens et al. (previously featured on AJP Audio) looking at brain-based biotypes to guide treatment following trauma. And of course, we'll check in with AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin about the rest of the February issue and how it all fits together.

Transcript

• Harnett interview [01:05]
• How do less tangible factors like trauma, stress, and exposure to violence impact brain development? [03:07]
• What do you mean by toxic stress? [04:41]
• Why did you choose to focus on those regions of the brain? [06:01]
• Regional variability and privacy concerns [07:50]
• Limitations [09:11]
• Future research [10:59]
• Children and the limited control of their environment [12:10]
• Ben-Zion interview [13:39]
• Challenges of running a non-exact replication study [15:12]
• Limitations [18:35]
• Should researchers consider replication in study design? [21:26]
• Future research [24:24]
• Kalin interview [27:46]
• Dumornay et al. [28:08]
• Baldwin et al. [30:02]
• Cleary et al. [31:38]
• Ben-Zion et al. [34:15]
• Hien et al. [37:08]

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Dr. Stefanie Russman Block (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) discusses a trial looking at whether connectivity patterns in the brain can be used to predict treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses childhood and neurodeveloment-related psychiatric disorders explored in the January issue.

• Russman Block interview [00:51]
• Exposure and response prevention versus stress management therapy [05:46]
• Investigating adolescents and adults [07:02]
• Clinical implications [08:29]
• Limitations [10:02]
• Further research [11:56]
• Kalin interview [12:57]
• Russman Block et al. [13:12]
• Webb et al. [14:57]
• Floris et al. [17:45]
• Shimelis et al. [21:27]
• Brikell et al. [26:04]

Transcript

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Dr. Rebecca Price (University of Pittsburgh) discusses a novel, computer-based intervention designed to extend the antidepressant effects of a single dose of ketamine. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the rest of the December issue and what draws it together.

• Price interview [00:40]
• What does the computer-based intervention consist of? [03:55]
• Comparator arms [05:25]
• Are there immediate clinical implications? [08:04]
• Limitations [10:19]
• Further research [12:17]
• Kalin interview [14:02]
• Price et al. [14:28]
• Santos et al. [17:28]
• Grilo et al. [19:43]
• Solmi et al.v [22:51]
• Lam et al. [25:01]

Transcript

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Dr. Antonia Seligowski (McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School) discusses how significant genetic correlations were identified between PTSD and cardiovascular disease as well as support for a causal link from PTSD to hypertension and coronary artery disease. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the rest of the November issue and what draws it together.

• Seligowski interview [00:50]
• Genome-wide association studies [02:24]
• The Mass General Brigham Biobank [03:05]
• What were the limitations of the study? [04:05]
• Are there current clinical implications? [05:04]
• How does depression fit in? [06:11]
• Are the links between PTSD and cardiovascular disease linked to associated comorbidities? [07:00]
• What's next for your research? [07:52]
• Kalin interview [08:51]
• Seligowski et al. [09:06]
• Leone et al. [10:57]
• Hindley et al. [13:50]
• Lewis and Vassos [17:37]
• Sigström et al. [18:13]
• Brownstein et al. [20:32]
• In summary [25:03]

Transcript

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