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Is Long COVID one illness or many? What turns a short infection into years of symptoms? When does “post viral” become a new chronic disease? Is viral persistence driving symptoms in some people? Could EBV reactivation be the hidden trigger? How might immune overreaction turn into autoimmunity? What do autoantibodies actually do to the body? Why do fatigue and exertion intolerance cluster together? Can we define subtypes with biomarkers, not guesswork? How much of long COVID is misdiagnosis versus missed mechanisms? What does pacing really mean in daily life? What would a mechanism first trial design look like? Are there early warning signs for who will stay sick? Is long COVID becoming a stable percentage of society? What would it take to build care systems that learn fast?

Carmen Scheibenbogen is a German immunologist who is the acting director of the Institute for Medical Immunology of the Charité university hospital in Berlin. She specialises in hematology (blood and blood diseases), oncology and immunology. She leads the Outpatient Clinic for Immunodeficiency and the Fatigue Centre at the Charité hospital. She is one of the few doctors specialised in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in Germany, and also researches long COVID.

To explore a different perspective on these issues, we have an excellent episode with Suzanne O'Sullivan, "What is psychosomatic illness?"

Links:

• Resources on ME/CFS and Long COVID
• Guidelines for Long COVID Patients (Ger)

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

The Clearer Thinking Podcast listener survey is here!

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What makes a conversation feel like shared discovery? HWhen does repeating polished ideas kill discovery? What practices force live thinking, not rehearsed speech? How do you check that both people are scouting? How do you align vibe and tempo without dulling the experience? How do you compress a garden of thoughts into words? What kinds of responses prove they really listened? When is a point of order interruption essential? Why do groups oscillate instead of moving forward? How do you pick one promising path among many? What role should a moderator actually play? Why does the lowest relevance threshold dominate airtime? How do pause and interruption norms decide who speaks? Can groups make progress without turning into debates? What explicit rules make book clubs worth attending? When should you opt out rather than endure?

We're thrilled to have friend of the podcast and frequent factotum, Uri Bram, join Spencer for this very special celebration of our 300th episode of The Clearer Thinking Podcast. Uri is CEO and Editor-at-Large at The Browser. He has written about science and business for Nautilus, Motherboard, Quartz and more and is regularly featured on i24 News as an economics analyst. Prior to that, Uri led Communications at GiveWell, a research and grantmaking organization focusing on global health.

Links:

• The Scout Mindset by Julia Galef
• Clearer Thinking Nuanced Thinking Module

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

The Clearer Thinking Podcast listener survey is here!

If you've ever listened to the Clearer Thinking podcast before, we'd love it if you'd take our listener survey so we can learn about your experience and improve the podcast based on your feedback.

Give feedback to help us improve the Clearer Thinking podcast!

If you vanished from your job tomorrow, what would change? When is a high paying job more impact than direct service? How do you estimate your counterfactual contribution without fooling yourself? What signals tell you a problem is neglected rather than merely unpopular? Are you optimizing for visible outcomes instead of real outcomes? Which incentives in charities and NGOs quietly distort priorities? Could a simple weighted factor model outperform your gut on big choices? What would make you switch paths even if you feel committed? How do you balance personal fit with moral urgency?

Devon Fritz is co-founder of High Impact Professionals and has spent eight years across various roles coaching professionals on maximizing their career impact and advising on strategic philanthropic giving. He most recently served as Chief Operating Officer at Ambitious Impact, leading programs that help philanthropists improve the impact of their grantmaking. Previously, as Managing Director and CTO at Founders Pledge, Devon helped grow the organization's pledge value to over $2 billion. He is a Giving What We Can 10% pledge member and holds degrees in computer science, information technology, and computational linguistics. He serves on multiple nonprofit boards and is author of "How Do You Know?", an illustrated children's book. He lives in Berlin with his partner and two children.

Links:

• Devon's New Book: The High-Impact Professionals Playbook
• High Impact Professionals
• Clearer Thinking Imposter Syndrome Test

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

The Clearer Thinking Podcast listener survey is here!

If you've ever listened to the Clearer Thinking podcast before, we'd love it if you'd take our listener survey so we can learn about your experience and improve the podcast based on your feedback.

Give feedback to help us improve the Clearer Thinking podcast!

What does personality capture beyond momentary behavior, and how do traits differ from life specific adaptations? How stable are traits across the lifespan when we separate rank order from mean level change? Can psychotherapy shift core traits like neuroticism or mainly improve functioning at the same level? How much of behavior is the person, the situation, or their interaction, and how do traits shape the environments we end up in? What trade offs come with being high or low on extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism? Why do people high in neuroticism both perceive more stress and land in more stressful situations? Which life events reliably nudge traits and why do the same events push different people in opposite directions? When should we replace categorical diagnoses with dimensional spectra that align with the Big Five and guide unified treatments?

Colin G. DeYoung is a professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota. DeYoung's research in personality psychology has examined the theoretical structure of personality and the biological basis of personality. He currently directs the DeYoung Personality Lab at University of Minnesota.

Links:

• Our platform with more than 1 million correlations
• Colin's Personality Lab
• The Big Five Aspect Scale

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

The Clearer Thinking Podcast listener survey is here!

If you've ever listened to the Clearer Thinking podcast before, we'd love it if you'd take our listener survey so we can learn about your experience and improve the podcast based on your feedback.

Give feedback to help us improve the Clearer Thinking podcast!

What would a global ban on industrial animal agriculture by 2050 actually achieve across welfare public health and climate? Can a phased transition built on price taste and convenience overcome identity, culture, and religion in shaping diets? Which mix of informational, financial, and regulatory policies shifts behavior without backlash? Where is the line between small humane farms that persist and large systems that must end? How do we align consumer values with daily choices when cognitive dissonance makes the topic uncomfortable? When does a little guilt motivate change and when does it harden resistance? What evidence would show that plant-based and cultivated options have reached parity that tips the market? How do we protect farmers and workers while shrinking harmful production at scale? What are the realistic tipping points for social norms around meat in different communities? If the expected suffering avoided each year dwarfs human history how should that reshape priorities?

Jeff Sebo is the Director of the Center for Environmental and Animal Protection, Director of the Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy, and Co-Director of the Wild Animal Welfare Program at New York University. He is also a Faculty Fellow at the Guarini Center on Environmental, Energy & Land Use Law at the NYU School of Law and an Advisor at the Animals in Context series at NYU Press. His research focuses on moral philosophy, legal philosophy, and philosophy of mind; animal minds, ethics, and policy; AI minds, ethics, and policy; and global health and climate ethics and policy. His books The Moral Circle and Saving Animals, Saving Ourselves are out now.

Links:

• WILD Lab
• Eleos AI
• Jeff's Website

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

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What is the core public interest case for foreign aid beyond soft power? How should we define safety and prosperity? Why do many voters believe aid is a quarter of the budget when it is a tiny fraction and how does that shape support? How did a political decision to halt awards ripple through real programs and what safeguards failed? What legal and institutional checks should prevent a single administration from impounding funds that Congress appropriated? When government pauses, how can private funders triage the most life saving pieces without letting systems collapse? If an agency is rebuilt, which programs should be protected first and which processes should be redesigned from day one? How do we embed evidence and cost effectiveness at the start of strategy rather than as an afterthought in evaluation? What would it look like to center partner governments in the process so that learning becomes part of their own delivery? How can we avoid a fixation on what is easy to measure while still demanding clear estimates and accountability? What does it mean to meet donors where they are while steering them toward the highest impact use of funds?

Dean Karlan is the Frederic Esser Nemmers Distinguished Professor of Economics and Finance at Northwestern University, and the Founder and former President of Innovations for Poverty Action, a non-profit organization dedicated to discovering and promoting solutions to global poverty problems. Karlan was the Chief Economist at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from 2022 until resigning in 2025. Prior to 2022, he was on the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of the M.I.T. Jameel Poverty Action Lab. In 2015, he co-founded ImpactMatters, a nonprofit dedicated to estimating and rating impact of nonprofit organizations in order to help donors choose good charities and to promote more transparency in the nonprofit sector. His research focuses on microeconomic issues of poverty, typically employing experimental methodologies and behavioral economics insights to examine what works, what does not, and why to address social problems

This episode was recorded live at EA Global: NYC 2025. Many thanks to the EA Global event organizers and staff for recording this conversation.

Links:

• EA Global Event Page
• Dean's Website

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

How can we distinguish “real CBT” from supportive talk - does it include homework, clear goals, or a manualized plan? When therapy “doesn’t work,” is it the modality, the match, or weak training? Are common factors enough once symptoms disrupt daily life? Why does fragmented care push patients to choose meds or therapy by luck of first contact? When are meds a useful boost versus a detour from solving life problems? What’s distinct about DBT—skills, validation, and balancing change with acceptance? How does radical acceptance cut suffering without excusing harm? Which skills travel across diagnoses? How do we prevent therapist burnout and drift from the model? If we want durable gains, should we favor therapies that teach skills we keep after treatment ends?

Shireen Rizvi is a licensed clinical psychologist, board certified in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). She obtained her BA from Wesleyan University and her MS and PhD from the University of Washington.

Links:

• Shireen's Videos
• Shireen's Books

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

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Which decisions should be made by election and which by random sampling? Where is competition healthy for choosing leaders, and where must rule-setting be unitary and impartial? What would credible umpires look like - judges, statisticians, pay reviewers - and how do we insulate them from parties? Can citizen juries and standing sampled councils surface red lines, negotiate overlap, and rebuild losers’ consent? Why does professional party culture normalize behavior individuals would reject, and can structured deliberation beat competitive groupthink? How do we measure success for rule-setters - accuracy, legitimacy, or a cooler temperature? When do promotions-as-power contests crowd out service, and could elections without candidates find better leaders? How much polarization is real cleavage versus performance layered over broad agreement, and how do institutions interrupt cosplay turning into violence? What minimum independence and accountability keep sampled bodies honest without drifting into technocracy? Where should problem-solving favor practical wisdom over pure truth-finding - embedding local knowledge alongside trials, models, and metrics?

Nicholas Gruen is an economist and entrepreneur and a commentator on democracy. He chaired the Government 2.0 Taskforce which helped set the Australian Government’s policy to navigate the threats and opportunities of open data and social media. Global Government Forum will shortly begin a (5 part podcast)[https://www.globalgovernmentforum.com/government-transformed-podcast-sharing-the-inside-story-of-how-to-make-public-service-change-happen/] on the Government 2.0 Taskforce fifteen years on. He is Patron of the Australian Digital Alliance, comprising Australia’s libraries, universities, and digital infrastructure providers such as Google and Yahoo.

Links:

• Nicholas' YouTube Channel
• Nicholas' Substack

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

What explains fearing nuclear more than the harms we tolerate from fossil fuels? Can we judge energy risk by evidence rather than headlines? What mix of firm power and renewables actually keeps costs low and lights on? How much should we pay up front for safety, and who decides? Do iconic disasters outweigh statistics in policy debates? What did past build-outs teach us about standardization, permitting, and getting big projects done? Can trust be built without hype or spin? Is government-scale coordination required, or can markets deliver at scale? How should long-lived waste be weighed against climate and air-pollution deaths now? What would a realistic near-term plan look like if we stopped treating tech choices as tribal identity?

Isabelle Boemeke is an author, philanthropist, and entrepreneur who advocates global clean energy. Boemeke is also known as Isodope, the digital persona on a mission to 'make nuclear cool.' She is the Founder and Executive Director of Save Clean Energy and board member of Nature is Nonpartisan and Nuclear Scaling Initiative, where she works at the intersection of policy, culture, and technology to accelerate pragmatic solutions. She delivered a TED Talk that has been viewed nearly 2 million times, led a grassroots campaign that helped delay the closure of California’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant, and is a TIME Magazine “Next Generation Leader”.

Links:

• Isabelle's book: Rad Future
• Isabelle's TED Talk

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift

Read the full transcript here.

Where is the line between ordinary intrusive thoughts and an OCD pattern that hijacks the day? How do obsessions and compulsions condition each other so that brief relief entrenches the loop? What clinical markers - ego-dystonic content and intact reality testing - separate OCD from psychosis? How do thought–action fusion, inflated responsibility and “zero-risk” striving amplify checking and covert mental rituals? Why does repeated checking degrade memory confidence and widen doubt? How should ERP be structured to target hidden mental rituals as well as visible behaviors, and what metrics best define success? When are SSRIs a helpful platform for ERP, and why are effective doses often higher than for depression? What boundaries and scripts help families avoid reassurance and accommodation while staying empathic? How do culture and news cycles shape obsession themes without changing the underlying mechanism? What relapse-prevention practices keep gains durable - normalizing setbacks, tracking triggers, and refocusing on work, love, and presence?

David Adam is an author and journalist, who covers science, environment, technology, medicine and the impact they have on people, culture and society. After nearly two decades as a staff writer and editor at Nature and the Guardian, David set up as a freelancer in 2019. David's book - The Man Who Couldn’t Stop - is his attempt to understand the condition and his experiences with OCD, where he explores the weird thoughts that exist within every mind and explains how they drive millions of us toward obsession and compulsion.

Links:

• The Man Who Couldn't Stop: OCD and the True Story of a Life Lost in Thought

Staff

• Spencer Greenberg — Host + Director
• Ryan Kessler — Producer + Technical Lead
• WeAmplify — Transcriptionists
• Igor Scaldini — Marketing Consultant

Music

• Broke for Free
• Josh Woodward
• Lee Rosevere
• Quiet Music for Tiny Robots
• wowamusic
• zapsplat.com

Affiliates

• Clearer Thinking
• GuidedTrack
• Mind Ease
• Positly
• UpLift