Dr. History's Tales of the Old West

Over hundreds of years, tribes discovered the use of food and herbs to promote health and healing. They were skilled at treating bullet and arrow wounds. They set and immobilized fractures. They had little difficulty with childbirth. The introduction of European diseases killed millions as they had no immunity.

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The medicine man or Shaman was honored and respected second only to the chief, and sometimes was the chief. Some women were allowed to become shamans. It took seven years to become a shaman in the Blackfeet tribe. Herbs played a huge part for the shaman. There were at least 138 species of plants used for medicine and food.

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Thousands of years of trial and error, humans found ways to treat wounds and illnesses. The Indians had some methods better than the Europeans. They performed amputations, treated fractures and snakebites, removed arrows, used herbs and sweat lodges. Each family had a medicine bundle with special objects needed for a healthy survival.

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They practiced with little help and resources. No hospital, a laboratory or X-ray equipment, only the strongest and most courageous could endure the long nights, bad weather, home visit for little or no pay. He carried all his equipment in a bag including what limited medication was available in those days.

"May the family doctor never be completely eliminated" (Montana Medical Association)

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The Great Shoshone Nation ranged from Wyoming to Boise to Salt Lake and included Ute, Gosuit, Piute, Hopi, Comanche, Kiowa and the Aztec.They were hunters and gatherers, expert at basketry. Food included wild game and insects. Rabbit drives were for the skins which were used for clothing, blankets and saddle blankets. Tattooing and earrings were common. Horses were traded to the Shoshone by the Comanche and Kiowa and were considered the best horses.

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William W. Mayo immigrated in 1846, married and moved to Minnesota Territory. He was a surgeon in the Union Army in Rochester, Minnesota. In 1864 he opened his first medical practice. He was joined by both sons. They cared for survivors of a tornado, and with the help of Mother Alfred Moes and two hospitals formed the Mayo Clinic. Now, over 7,300 physicians and scientist, they saw 1.3 million patients in 2022.

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While picking berries, she was captured by Assiniboine raiders, dreaded enemy of the Shoshone. She was taken to Northeastern Montana. Given to a warrior as a second wife, she found the first wife intended to kill her, so she planned her escape. She hid in a hole in a riverbank for three days, then made her way over 1200 miles back to her family on the Raft River. She was the mother of Chief Pocatello.

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Not all drivers were honorable. Some had partners rob their own stage, others died defending their passengers. They were cramped, bored, lacked sleep, some even went crazy. Plenty of good food at times to poor quality if any. Buffalo hunters, scouts and adventurers could provide exciting stories.

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Passengers first sight of the Rocky Mountains was awe inspiring and scary. Drivers were king of the road, respected and admired. Through blinding snow storms, fog, flooded rivers and narrow mountain roads and robbers. Drivers had lots of stories if you were lucky enough to ride next to them.

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Some miners found the work too hard. They found other ways to riches. Alexander Todd began the first mail service. Daniel Dancer used 150 mules to haul all the goods needed in the mining camps. James Burch started with an old ranch wagon to haul passengers over roads that were nothing more than trails, eventually buying fine coaches and horses.

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