We've all heard of dating scams, but realizing that most of them are part of larger criminal organizations working 24/7 to manipulate and defraud you can be a bit shocking. Today's guest is Jane Lee. Jane is a Trust and Safety Architect at Sift who specializes in malicious websites, spam, misinformation, account content abuse, and payment risk. Prior to joining Sift, she was on the fraud teams at Facebook and Square and also spent some time as a private investigator.

• [1:08] - Part of Jane's responsibility at Sift is to understand new and emerging fraud trends.
• [2:36] - Jane gets to do the detective work she likes but in a more physically safe tech environment.
• [3:46] - Pig butchering scams are similar to romance scams but more advanced.
• [4:25] - Scammers start on dating apps and move targets to another form of messaging.
• [6:36] - It's called pig butchering by the scammers.
• [7:34] - As a dating app user, Jane noticed patterns and decided to investigate.
• [9:29] - Jane shares the trends in the profile photos and images on dating accounts.
• [11:58] - Over time, it is easy to see patterns in profiles.
• [13:55] - Using IP emulators is common for scammers.
• [15:47] - Machines are better at detecting patterns than the naked human eye.
• [17:26] - Fraud is largely agnostic.
• [18:58] - It is the same dance but with different "flavors".
• [20:49] - Moving over to another messaging system is one red flag. After that, love-bombing is another common indicator.
• [23:07] - Covid has given scammers another reasonable excuse for them to use about not being able to meet in person.
• [24:22] - These types of scammers also talk about investments and even screenshots of bank accounts.
• [26:46] - To compensate for grammar and language errors, these scammers will mention that they were born overseas.
• [28:50] - These scammers also may have a fake crypto exchange platform.
• [30:22] - Jane describes the experience of interacting with the "tech help" line of a fake crypto platform.
• [35:27] - Jane shares that a lot of these scammers are coming out of Southeast Asia.
• [36:34] - There is a very sophisticated fraud economy.
• [39:35] - Deep fake technology is getting more and more advanced.
• [42:15] - What is synthetic identity fraud?
• [43:55] - It is necessary to have a little less trust in people you talk to online.

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Many believe that cybersecurity is for high tech professionals only. It's important to know that employees at every level can accidentally open the door to your network. Today's guest is Roy Zur. Roy is the founder and CEO of Thrive DX for Enterprise which is a global education company committed to transforming lives through digital skills training and solutions as well as addressing the human factor of cybersecurity training. Roy is a 15 year veteran of the Israeli Defense Force where he served as a major. Roy also serves as the adjunct professor in Risk Management and Cybersecurity. He is the founder and chairman of the non-profit Israeli Institute for Policy and Legislation and a member of the Forbes Business Council.

• [1:05] - Roy shares his background in cybersecurity and the different responsibilities he's had.
• [2:27] - Roy describes the challenges experienced in the Israeli Defense Force.
• [3:55] - It's not just about the training, it's also about the screening.
• [6:30] - The rapid changes in cyber security makes maintaining the curriculum a challenge.
• [9:13] - When finding people that qualify as candidates for this learning, there is a lot to learn. Roy describes parts of the program.
• [11:47] - Many people are afraid of cyber security because it seems so complicated, but it is more of a human factor issue.
• [13:08] - There are different groups within an organization that have access to data.
• [14:34] - Roy defines the groups or levels of an organization.
• [16:11] - Software developers and engineers have a huge responsibility.
• [17:08] - Each group has to have an education about security and the type of skills they need will vary.
• [18:47] - The method of learning is also different per level.
• [20:21] - Giving employees the information they need and nothing more is crucial so they can spend their time working on their responsibilities.
• [22:12] - Training for awareness which usually includes everyone in an organization takes about 2 hours a year but people don't always take it seriously.
• [24:11] - Phishing simulations are very effective. Roy describes the most effective methods of training.
• [26:15] - Full bootcamps can be up to 500 or more hours.
• [27:25] - In Education, Bloom's Taxonomy plays a big role.
• [29:11] - When you create new knowledge, you've completed the full cycle of truly learning something.
• [30:58] - For most people, the motivation to complete cybersecurity training is simply for compliance.
• [33:12] - These trainings have to be tied into the human factor of cybersecurity.
• [36:36] - Small businesses are actually at more risk of being impacted more greatly by a data breach.
• [39:10] - On Thrive DX's website, there are a lot of great resources available.

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Talking to our aging parents about their finances can be a tough conversation. But there are ways to educate and protect our parents from being taken advantage of by scammers, charities, and other organizations without being seen as controlling or overstepping.

Today's guest is Cameron Huddleston. Cameron is an author, speaker, and award-winning financial journalist. She's the Director of Education and Content at Careful, the first service built to protect and monitor aging adults' daily finances. Cameron's work has appeared in a number of publications including Forbes and The Chicago Tribune.

• [1:09] - Cameron described the experience of caring for her mother with alzheimers. She had not had a conversation with her about her finances.
• [2:37] - Talking to your parents about scammers is a way to open the door to more conversation about finances.
• [5:13] - Warn your parents about red flags because there's no way you can keep them updated on every single scam.
• [6:29] - As we age, we all experience some level of cognitive decline.
• [7:38] - Get an idea of how they are doing now so that you will be more aware of changes.
• [8:56] - You're not trying to pry or be nosey. This is a series of conversations that open the door to communication about finances for the future.
• [10:00] - Older adults are more likely to be exploited by someone they know.
• [11:10] - Nothing has to happen right now except the beginnings of conversations. Cameron lists some things to have in order later.
• [13:07] - There are things you can do to help prevent a caretaker from taking advantage of your parents.
• [14:35] - There are some red flags to listen for in conversations with your aging parents and/or their caretaker.
• [15:43] - If you are concerned about your parent's credit or finances, you can have their credit frozen and you can monitor everything for safety.
• [16:58] - Your parents can also sign up for services while they are healthy and add you to the monitoring account for notifications.
• [18:39] - Cameron shares an experience with her own mother. She was a giving person but with her alzheimers, she wound up donating money frequently.
• [19:51] - How can you help them get the spending on charity donations under control?
• [22:21] - One piece of advice for parents is to let all calls go to voicemail and don't call the numbers they called from.
• [24:21] - Chris describes an unusual and suspicious new text scam. How can we warn parents about the things that are out of the norm?
• [27:00] - If you have a parent with dementia, these warnings won't always do much good. Leave notes and reminders for them.
• [28:26] - Cameron describes a situation with her mother and she realized that she was no longer safe to live alone.
• [31:09] - There are a lot of things that parents can have in place in writing while they are relatively young and healthy.
• [32:33] - Cameron has a lot of great resources on her website CameronHuddleston.com.

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On this podcast, we talk a lot about identifying and avoiding online fraud. But in this episode, our guest is going to share his experiences tracking down the individuals, syndicates, and criminal organizations behind pet scams, how they utilize freelancers, and how they launder their ill gotten gains. Today's guest is Jack Whittaker. Jack is a Criminology PhD candidate with a specialization in published literature on online fraud. In addition, he has a proven track record of doing media interviews for local and national outlets, lectures, conference speaking, and promo consulting for policy think tanks.

• [0:54] - Welcome back to the show, Jack! Check out episode 103 with Jack on pet scams. Jack shares his background and current roles.
• [1:51] - What are pet scams?
• [3:36] - These types of scams do not actually have any pets that are being sold.
• [5:12] - Jack discovered the economy built behind building websites and laundering money.
• [6:30] - These crime organizations are typically located in Cameroon.
• [7:21] - Some web developers are hired freelancers to create a fraudulent website.
• [9:10] - All the web developers in Cameroon know that they are doing something wrong, but they are looked over.
• [11:05] - The civil war in Cameroon has facilitated people's willingness to participate in crime.
• [13:20] - CashApp and Cryptocurrency have made money laundering a lot easier for scammers.
• [14:31] - Syndicates are better paying clients.
• [15:52] - Why do people knowingly work for syndicates when they know that they are helping them defraud others?
• [17:28] - Scammers are now recruiting people from other countries by flaunting their money.
• [19:05] - Jack shares one of the more intriguing ways scammers launder money.
• [22:37] - Jack tells the story of a scammer who works for a syndicate and an experience he had with the police in Cameroon.
• [25:05] - The FBI needs to put more attention on volume crimes. Lots of people stealing small amounts of money from lots of people.
• [26:14] - Jack explains things to look for in listed apps that could be money laundering.
• [29:05] - Jack would love to see more research and interviews with cyber criminals.
• [30:58] - If you are doing research, there are some ethical questions to answer.
• [32:08] - When interviewing cybercriminals, one of the harder questions for Jack to answer was whether they should be paid for their time.
• [34:10] - If you want to be a good researcher in crime science, you unfortunately have to get your hands dirty.
• [35:51] - There is a hierarchy of different scams and cybercrime.
• [37:46] - In Cameroon, this type of business is accepted.
• [39:40] - Jack describes some of the things that he has seen sold online illegally that people don't think about being available.
• [41:16] - Because of the nature of purchasing things illegally, people won't report being scammed.
• [42:10] - Cybercriminals are 97% guaranteed to get away with their crime and in a war torn country, there's almost no chance of getting caught.
• [44:12] - There's a lot of confusion on who monitors domain name registrars.
• [46:30] - We don't know if private regulators are legally viable.
• [48:30] - There have been some successes that Jack shares examples of.
• [50:51] - Chris and Jack have the idea of paying web developers to report fraudulent sites they create.
• [53:50] - Cybercriminals that Jack interviewed are very desensitized to the work they're doing to hurt people.

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Venmo, CashApp, Zelle, and other payment apps are convenient for sending money to family and friends. But are they really safe to be using? Today's guest is Michelle Couch-Friedman. Michelle is the founder and CEO of Consumer Rescue. She is an experienced consumer reporter, advocate, mediator, author, and licensed psychotherapist. Michelle has also been a columnist, contributing editor, and former executive director for Elliott Advocacy, a non-profit organization dedicated to consumer advocacy.

• [1:05] - Michelle explains her role within Consumer Rescue and the mission of the company.
• [2:52] - About 7 years ago, Michelle had a negative consumer experience.
• [5:12] - Her experience led to her journey in consumer advocacy.
• [7:56] - Through Consumer Rescue, Michelle assists people in staying calm and logical. Stick with the facts and stand out with brevity.
• [9:32] - Payment apps have become the preferred method for scammers worldwide.
• [10:33] - Payment apps will not refund you your money if you are scammed.
• [12:34] - Scammers set up websites that look professional and legitimate.
• [13:32] - This is very common with purchasing pets online.
• [14:35] - There are incremental steps to increase the amount of money sent.
• [15:50] - The incremental steps are common in romance scams as well.
• [16:51] - Michelle describes what a Chargeback scam is and how it began with Venmo, but shouldn't work with Zelle.
• [18:59] - Don't send money back if you receive money by accident from a stranger.
• [21:03] - There are safety nets in place to ensure accidents don't happen. Don't be hasty.
• [22:42] - If you don't use a payment app or don't understand how to use it appropriately, don't have it on your phone.
• [24:35] - The apps are not a bank. They do not come with the same kind of protections.
• [26:52] - Payment apps are never going to be the preferred method of payment from any legitimate company.
• [28:27] - It is always a red flag when someone is trying to get you away from the website or legitimate platform.
• [30:48] - Look closely at websites and reverse lookup images on Google.
• [32:23] - Airbnb and vacation listings are common scams.
• [34:31] - When it comes to property listings, there are steps you can take to ensure its legitimacy.
• [36:37] - Alternatively, if something is listed underpriced, that could also be a red flag.
• [39:29] - Airbnb began as shared space rentals only.
• [41:10] - Make all your payments from the platform. Avoid third party payments.
• [42:57] - Prevention is best. Once you're in this situation, you are likely out of your money.

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With financial payment platforms used more regularly to exchange cash between individuals, scammers have become more creative in using them to defraud users. Today's guest is John Breyault. John is the National Consumers League Vice President of Public Policy, Telecommunications, and Fraud. As the director of Fraud.org, John is a nationally recognized expert in fraud, with more than 17 years of experience in educating consumers in advocating for stronger consumer protections at the federal, state, and local levels. He is the author of Fraud.org's monthly Fraud Alert emails and NCL's bi-weekly Data Insecurity Digest. He has testified before Congress, federal regulatory agencies, and state legislatures dozens of times about fraud related topics. He is quoted regularly in the press about fraud including The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post.

• [1:10] - John shares his background and current roles with the National Consumers League.
• [3:02] - John has been working in consumer advocacy for over 20 years.
• [4:27] - What are peer to peer payment platforms? Venmo is the most commonly used.
• [5:53] - The features of peer to peer payment platforms that are attractive to users are also attractive to scam artists.
• [7:46] - John shares the trends in what scammers have been using to get money through Western Union, Green Dot cards, and gift cards.
• [9:32] - More needs to be done to make security a priority.
• [11:09] - John explains the difference between credit card transactions and peer to peer payment platforms.
• [12:16] - With peer to peer platform fraud, banks can't do anything about it due to a loophole in the law.
• [13:38] - When this type of fraud is much more painful to experience than credit card fraud.
• [14:44] - A huge appeal to these platforms is that they are free. But security needs to be improved.
• [17:09] - There are a couple of regulations related to the connection of Venmo to a bank account.
• [19:19] - The responsibility has been put on users and victims to monitor and fight back against fraud.
• [21:47] - Scammers are very adept at creating a sense of urgency.
• [23:38] - John shares an example of how this sense of urgency can fool anyone.
• [24:34] - Cryptocurrency is the next focus of attention for those trying to prevent fraud.
• [26:40] - These trends tend to follow a pattern.
• [28:09] - One of the problems in tracking scam trends is the way data is collected.
• [29:23] - We need to change how we talk about fraud victims.
• [31:28] - Scams are run as a business these days, which make them much more convincing than in the past.
• [34:15] - With most overseas scams, the likelihood of getting your money back is slim.
• [35:50] - As a business, think about how you can make peer to peer payment apps as safe as possible?
• [37:35] - John shares an example of Venmo transactions that are protected and those that are not.
• [40:07] - A legitimate business will accept payment in other ways than only peer to peer apps.

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Predators look to take advantage of people during the roughest situations of life. A perpetrator of insurance fraud makes a career out of milking the system thinking it's a victimless crime. Today's guest is Officer Tony Royall. Officer Royall started in the Virginia Department of State Police in 1986. He worked in Accident Reproduction and then became an agent in Narcotics. Officer Royall has now been working in Insurance Fraud for the past 22 years.

• [0:47] - Officer Royall shares his background in law enforcement.
• [2:24] - Over the years, there have been a lot of wild insurance fraud cases for Officer Royall. He describes a recent one that had an unexpected twist.
• [4:47] - How was this insurance fraud discovered?
• [7:18] - One of the most prevalent insurance fraud situations is staged auto accidents.
• [9:01] - Officer Royall describes another case and what the result was for the perpetrator staging accidents and fabricating medical bills.
• [11:15] - Investigations are geared toward the people who intentionally commit crime.
• [12:55] - Staged accidents that are insurance fraud are usually committed by multiple people working in tandem.
• [13:59] - Officer Royall explains another type of insurance fraud case involving a staged slip and fall accident.
• [15:59] - Sometimes people take the opportunity to purposefully stage an accident in a public place.
• [17:54] - With every case of insurance fraud, premiums for everyone else could go up.
• [19:53] - There are times when the police are contacted by insurance agencies, but are mostly contacted about insurance fraud by possible victims.
• [21:18] - Always make sure your policy is up to date and periodically check on things to be sure it's active.
• [22:13] - Read the policy and what is covered.
• [23:14] - Keep an inventory of high ticket items in your home and business including serial numbers. Documentation is extremely helpful in the event of fraud.
• [25:20] - Catastrophic events create opportunities for perpetrators trying to solicit.
• [26:15] - If you find yourself in an automobile accident, take photos of the damage of both cars and document details.
• [28:02] - How can you document details of an accident?
• [29:21] - Be diligent and make as much information known as possible.

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The instinct to respond immediately to incorrect, negative, or hurtful comments online almost seems to be hardwired. How we respond can lead to unintended detrimental consequences and lead us down a dark path.

Today's guest is Dr. Robin Kowalski. Dr. Kowalski is a professor of Psychology at Clemson University. She obtained her PhD in Social Psychology from the University of North Carolina Greensboro. Her research interests focus primarily on adverse interpersonal behaviors, most notably complaining, teasing, and bullying with a particular focus on cyberbullying.

• [0:57] - Welcome to the show, Dr. Kowalski! She shares her focus on cyberbullying and how she found herself interested in this research.
• [2:27] - Traditional bullying is intended and repeated aggressive behavior. Cyberbullying is similar but there are some differences.
• [4:24] - Perceived anonymity in the online world gives bullies a great deal of power.
• [5:42] - People who are involved in traditional bullying tend to also participate in cyberbullying.
• [7:05] - There are many different reasons why someone bullies another either traditionally or virtually.
• [9:18] - In the virtual world, anyone can be a victim and anyone can be a perpetrator.
• [10:31] - Cyberbullying can take several different forms.
• [11:56] - If it happens once, simply walk away and don't respond. But what happens if it keeps happening?
• [13:10] - Young people may not want to be honest with their parents out of fear that their technology might be taken away from them.
• [15:29] - The feelings involved with cyberbullying range from anxiety to suicidal ideation.
• [17:22] - Academic issues become a problem as well, even though cyberbullying takes place off of school grounds.
• [18:58] - Robin describes "mattering" and how this can impact youth in school.
• [20:38] - Social isolation is a warning sign for a lot of things. Parents need to be on the lookout and open up lines of communication.
• [22:40] - Anonymous reporting needs to be present, effective, and people need to be educated.
• [23:51] - Cyberbullying is not limited to youth. It happens in the workplace as well.
• [26:47] - Through Covid-19, prevalence rates did not change as much as Robin expected.
• [29:15] - If we receive something negative, Robin advises to pause before responding emotionally.
• [30:55] - There's such a familiarity with technology that it has become normalized to cyberbullying.
• [32:57] - Suicide is a possible and horrible result of cyberbullying.
• [35:05] - There's a more permanent feeling to cyberbullying.
• [36:32] - Employers can also search for evidence of behavior patterns in potential employees.
• [38:57] - Education is key and victims speaking out about their experience helps people understand the impact.
• [41:42] - Robin shares about a time she experienced some level of cyberbullying.

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Smishing texts have increased over 60% in just one year. With scammers spoofing caller ID, how can you trust any communication coming onto your phone? Today's guest is Giulia Porter. Giulia is the Vice President of RoboKiller, the app that eliminates 99% of spam calls. Since 2017, Giulia has been leading RoboKiller's vision to create a world without spam calls. And now more recently with spam texts, they've introduced Text Killer.

• [1:04] - Giulia shares her background and why she was led to a career with cyber security.
• [2:24] - Caller ID spoofing is when a scammer changes what number comes up on your phone when they call. There is also neighbor spoofing.
• [4:30] - Technology has allowed scammers to call from any number, including your own.
• [5:54] - Scammers try to stay ahead of trends.
• [6:30] - Stir/Shaken is a framework designed to help stop spam call problems.
• [8:12] - Most United States phone providers did implement this.
• [10:10] - Giulia explains how this framework works and some of the pitfalls it has.
• [12:08] - As of May, we are at about 6.5 billion estimated spam calls in the United States per day. About 35-40% of those use caller ID spoofing.
• [13:19] - Spam texts are on the rise having experienced a 60% increase in one year.
• [15:01] - Text Killer tries to distinguish between spam and unwanted texts.
• [16:21] - Giulia describes a court case against Facebook that changed the landscape of notification texts.
• [18:01] - Some people have a "burner phone" with a separate number that they use for accounts that require a phone number.
• [21:03] - Giulia shares some of the scams that were trending in the last couple of years and what scammers were targeting.
• [22:20] - In 2022, there has been an increase in illicit spam texts.
• [24:27] - Don't tap links in texts or reply to them. Delete the text.
• [26:18] - Thinking about your phone number in a more serious way is a way to be more aware of how many people have access to it.
• [27:56] - Chris shares something you can do about your personally identifiable information online.
• [29:20] - RoboKiller and Text Killer use AI and machine learning to analyze calls and texts to stop them from reaching you.
• [30:50] - You can talk to your carrier to find what protection they offer.
• [32:01] - Another concern is lobbyists paying providers to have select campaign texts to come through.
• [33:13] - You can report spam texts and notify your carrier.
• [34:52] - How does Robo and Text Killer make sure the numbers and texts that are blocked are accurate?
• [38:12] - RoboKiller has to work with different providers and that creates challenges when they all function slightly differently.
• [40:38] - The next wave of scams are through apps like WhatsApp and Messenger.
• [43:12] - Organizations need to also consider how much they lose to scams posing as them.
• [45:12] - RoboKiller is available online as well in the app store on iPhones and Android. There are free services and premium.

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Can understanding someone's digital footprint really make it easier for it to predict what they'll be doing using AI? Today's guest is Daniel Hulme. Daniel has a PhD in Computational Complexity and works in the field of AI, applied technology, and ethics. He is the CEO and founder of Satalia, a Tedx speaker, and educator at Singularity University.

• [0:50] - Daniel has already been interested in how humans behave and describes how he got into AI.
• [2:05] - AI gets grouped into technology but there are a lot of different types of AI.
• [3:50] - The ultimate goal of AI is to have computers make decisions and learn from the decisions, but that's not commonplace right now.
• [5:31] - Someone's digital footprint can be used to learn a lot about them.
• [6:51] - The challenges that we are facing with AI are not ethical challenges, they are safety issues.
• [8:29] - AI is super complex and is becoming more difficult to test.
• [10:03] - AI's learning isn't usually the problem. It's the framework put in place.
• [11:36] - Machine learning is a generalization of the world which can create biases.
• [14:26] - Building explainable systems is incredibly important.
• [16:20] - Daniel gives an example of how AI can use data but why human decisions are still important.
• [18:16] - It's much more cost effective to have simple solutions than complex ones.
• [20:35] - What is the effect of building a super intelligence? We don't know. Daniel explains the singularities involved.
• [21:45] - These technologies are replacing people in completing some tasks. This is arguably a good or bad thing, depending on how you think about it.
• [23:47] - There are different safeguards against each of these singularities.
• [24:56] - Daniel shares what he thinks will be the solution.
• [28:07] - Who is going to make this "glorious future"?
• [29:36] - As AI takes the roles of employees in some companies, Daniel believes it will balance out again.
• [32:01] - There are jobs that may be impacted more than others.
• [33:46] - Something else that Daniel thinks may happen is a new economic structure.
• [35:12] - The highest cost for many organizations is human labor.
• [36:42] - There's a possible paradigm shift that will have to change the way we think about work and money.
• [39:30] - Daniel is optimistic that we're headed in the right direction.

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