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Integration of brain metabolism with neural signaling, highlighting how core metabolites regulate energy use and protect neurons.

Topics Discussed:

• Brain energy efficiency: Brains are much more energy-efficient than computers for similar processing, relying on adaptive metabolic strategies evolved under energy scarcity.
• Metabolism vs. information processing: Core metabolites like glutamate bridge basic cellular energy production and neural signaling.
• Lactate as a signal: Produced during exercise, lactate diffuses from muscles to brain, modulating neuronal excitability and providing neuroprotection.
• BHB in ketosis: During fasting or ketogenic diets, beta-hydroxybutyrate displaces glucose as fuel, enhances antioxidant defenses, and activates protective potassium channels in neurons.
• Adenosine and sleep: Accumulates from ATP breakdown during wakefulness, triggering sleep and locally inhibiting overactive neural networks for energy conservation.
• Glial cells’ role: Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes handle sophisticated metabolism, release signaling molecules like lactate, and modulate synapses, and influence diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Practical Takeaways:

• Regular exercise elevates lactate, which signals the brain to adapt metabolism and may enhance neuroprotection against stress.
• Intermittent fasting or ketogenic diets can induce ketosis with BHB, potentially boosting brain antioxidant defenses and preconditioning against metabolic stress.
• Prioritizing sleep helps clear adenosine buildup, restoring energy balance and supporting long-term neural health.

About the guest: Dr. Luis Felipe Barros, MD, PhD is a Chilean neurobiologist and professor at the Universidad de Valparaíso, where he leads a lab studying brain metabolism from glucose transport to mitochondrial function.

Related Episode:

• M&M 255 | Unlocking Energy: How Nutrition & Drugs Impact Your Mitochondria | Chris Masterjohn

*Not medical advice.

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