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In this episode, Dr. Eric Keller joins Dr. Christopher Beck to discuss medical ethics within IR. He speaks about using a bottom-up approach of applied ethics, and we examine why a combination of casuistry and virtue ethics may be helpful rather than principlism. We dig deeper into medical futility and the challenge of prospectively determining if a procedure is futile. Dr. Keller describes how to design a study that can explore medical ethics as well as methods of collecting and presenting data in an ethical way. We discuss advanced care planning, managing bias, and the role that unbounded ethicality plays in research. We talk through some benefits and drawbacks of ethics boards as well as how using decision support aides may improve informed consent and allow patients to become advocates for themselves.

RESOURCES MENTIONED: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?AllField=futility&SeriesKey=15325415 This website presents all the papers in the journal that are related to futility.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Medical Futility: Where Do We Go from Here?) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06570.x This article discusses various perspectives on medical futility.

Decision Aids to Help People who are Facing Health Treatment of Screening Decisions https://www.cochrane.org/CD001431/COMMUN_decision-aids-help-people-who-are-facing-health-treatment-or-screening-decisions This article evaluates the effects of decision aids on health outcomes.

Prevalence of Unprofessional Social Media Content Among Young Vascular Surgeons https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31882313/

American Geriatrics Society Feeding Tubes in Advanced Dementia Position Statements https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jgs.12924 This article discusses feeding tubes and how to handle feeding for patients with advanced dementia.

The Impact of Advance Care Planning on End of Life Care in Elderly Patients https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/340/bmj.c1345.full.pdf This article describes a randomized controlled trial that examines advanced care planning.

Does Facilitated Advance Care Planning Reduce the Costs of Care Near the End of Life? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4838173/ This paper discusses the ethical conflicts in advanced care planning.

Responding to Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatments in Intensive Care Units https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201505-0924ST This article describes how to handle treatment disagreements in the ICU.

Research Ethics in IR: The Intersection Between Care and Progress https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359529/ This paper mentions the ethical issues in collecting and presenting data. It also discusses the role IR plays in conflict of interest and bias.

Understanding Bias: A Look at Conflicts of Interest in IR https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332750177_Understanding_Bias_A_Look_at_Conflicts_of_Interest_in_IR This article examines conflicts of interest and how they affect the field of IR.

Reflect and Remember: The Ethics of Complications in Interventional Radiology https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531013/ This paper discusses the ethics behind the relationship between IR and complications.

Informed Consent: Beating a Dead Horse or an Opportunity for Quality Improvement? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338303598_Informed_Consent_Beating_a_Dead_Horse_or_an_Opportunity_for_Quality_Improvement This paper examines the ethical implications of informed consent and its complexities.

Reconsidering Requests - Futility in IR https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(19)30069-7/fulltext This article discusses the ethics in challenging healthcare situations.