It’s arguably the. World most  famous painting today , but how did it achieve its status ,Leonardo is   thought to have started portrait in 1503 , at request of a Florentine business man ,who want to  portrait  of his wife ,(Lisa Gherardini ), Leonardo  continued working on the painting for more than ten years , but with unfinished by the time he died ,over his life time ,Leonardo can (conduct groundbreaking ) studies on human optics ,which let him (pioneer ) a certain  artistic techniques ,some  can be seen in the menalisa ,using (atmosphere ) perspective ,  he make images at great distance (hazier ) ,producing (the illusion) of profound depth .and with sfumato  ,he created subtle gradations between colors ,that’s softened the edges  of the  forms he depicted . All of this  is striking 

portrait 肖像

groundbreaking 动工 开创性的

pioneer 先锋

optics 光学

hazier 朦胧的 模糊的

illusion 错觉 幻觉

profound 深刻的

subtle gradations  微妙的层次

depicted 描绘