In this episode, Peter mentions a company “Energy Vault” that is specializing in gravitational energy storage. Its primary product is a gravity battery that utilizes a multi-headed crane to store energy in a stacked tower of heavy blocks made from concrete. Dan mentions that energy is becoming exponential, because as more and more energy is available, human aspirations for using energy increases. Peter discusses another company “Heliogen” that is using concentrated solar energy to exceed temperatures greater than 1,000 degrees Celsius, transforming sunlight to create and replace fuels.