Executive functioning skills are important, because they help us achieve our goals. Children with strong executive functioning skills have the focus, patience, flexibility and resilience to succeed in—and out—of school.

While children continue to develop these skills into adolescence, research shows they surge at 4 years old. And they can be really fun to practice! In this episode, My New Life Host Jessica Rolph welcomes Whitman Professor of Psychology Dr. Melissa Clearfield a second time.

She first appeared on the show 3 years ago to discuss her research demonstrating differences in executive function in infants. This time, the focus is on executive function in older children, specifically a child's ability to think ahead, a component of working memory.

Takeaways:

1. The three pillars of executive function are: impulse control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The Lovevery Reach for the Stars Matching Cards — where you sort by shape, and then code switch to sort the same cards by color — are a great way to practice cognitive flexibility.

2. Executive function stems from attention, being able to focus on the right things and block out distractors. This is challenging at ages 3, 4 and 5 because of a child's still-developing impulse control. Working on that selective, sustained focus is primary at this stage, and is best achieved through play with an adult.

3. The concept of time is still very vague before the age of 5. "We're leaving in 15 minutes" has little meaning. Sequencing, however, is something they can do! "We have three things to do. Can we get them all done before your sister gets home?" The Lovevery countdown timer helps reinforce this skill visually.

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