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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K971: Global Price Shock: Trump's Tariff War Begins

Highlights 主題摘要：

• Trump has started a trade war by putting high tariffs on goods from almost all countries, which could cost American families about $2,100 more each year.
• China will face the highest tariff rate at 54%, with other major suppliers like Vietnam and Taiwan also facing steep increases on important consumer products.
• Products like electronics, shoes, toys, and clothing will likely become much more expensive once current store supplies run out in the coming months.

President Donald Trump has ignited an unprecedented trade war by imposing sweeping tariffs on imports from nearly every country worldwide. The controversial move, announced on Wednesday, establishes a minimum 10% tariff on all imported goods with significantly higher rates for 60 countries deemed "worst offenders" in trade practices. These measures are set to take effect almost immediately, leaving American consumers and businesses bracing for substantial price increases across numerous product categories.

美國總統川普透過對全球幾乎所有國家實施全面性關稅，引發了前所未有的貿易戰爭。這項於週三宣布的爭議性措施，對所有進口商品設立最低 10% 的關稅，而對被視為「嚴重違規國」的 60 個國家則實施更高稅率。這些措施將立即生效，讓美國消費者和企業必須為眾多產品類別的大幅漲價做好準備。

China faces the harshest treatment with a staggering 54% tariff on virtually all Chinese imports starting April 9. This rate could climb even higher to 79% if Trump follows through with his threat to impose an additional 25% tariff on nations purchasing oil from Venezuela, which includes China. Other major trading partners receiving severe tariff rates include Vietnam at 46% and Taiwan at 32%. According to calculations by the nonpartisan Tax Foundation, these measures could cost the average American household an additional $2,100 annually for consumer goods.

中國面臨最嚴厲的待遇，從 4 月 9 日起，幾乎所有中國進口商品將被徵收高達 54% 的關稅。如果川普兌現對購買委內瑞拉石油的國家額外徵收 25% 關稅的威脅，這個稅率甚至可能攀升至 79%，而中國正是其中之一。其他受到嚴重關稅影響的主要貿易夥伴包括越南（46%）和台灣（32%）。根據無黨派色彩的美國稅務基金會（Tax Foundation）計算，這些措施可能使美國家庭每年在消費品上平均多支出 2,100 美元。

The impact will be felt most acutely across products heavily imported from the targeted countries. Consumer electronics like laptops, tablets, and smartphones — primarily sourced from China, Vietnam, and Taiwan — will likely see significant price increases. The footwear and toy industries will also be hard hit, with China and Vietnam supplying nearly 70% of all shoes and 77% of toys sold in the United States. Industry experts predict price hikes of at least 30% for Chinese-made toys once current inventories are depleted, with noticeable increases expected by late summer. Clothing will similarly be affected, as China and Vietnam each shipped approximately $14 billion worth of apparel to the US last year.

這些影響將在從目標國家大量進口的產品上最為明顯。主要從中國、越南和台灣採購的消費型電子產品，如筆記型電腦、平板電腦和智慧型手機，可能會出現顯著漲價。鞋類和玩具產業也將受到嚴重打擊，中國和越南供應了美國近 70% 的鞋類和 77% 的玩具。產業專家預測，一旦目前庫存耗盡，中國製造的玩具價格將至少上漲 30%，預計到夏末將出現明顯增幅。服裝也將受到類似影響，因為中國和越南去年各自向美國運送了約 140 億美元的服裝。

Trump's tariff calculations have stunned economists with their unorthodox methodology. Rather than matching actual tariff rates imposed by other countries as suggested by the term "reciprocal," the administration has used a formula based on trade deficits: a country's trade deficit divided by its exports to the United States, then halved. This approach targets countries with large trade surpluses relative to their exports to America, regardless of their actual tariff policies. This resulted in some surprising outcomes, including Lesotho receiving the highest tariff rate of 50%, despite having a trade deficit with the US of only $234 million compared to China's $295 billion.

川普的關稅計算方式以其非正統的方法震驚了經濟學家。行政部門並未如「互惠」一詞所示匹配其他國家實施的實際關稅稅率，而是使用基於貿易赤字的公式：一個國家的貿易赤字除以其對美國的出口，然後減半。這種方法針對的是相對於對美國出口而言貿易順差較大的國家，而不考慮其實際關稅政策。這導致了一些令人意外的結果，包括賴索托（Lesotho）獲得了 50% 的最高關稅稅率，儘管其與美國的貿易赤字僅為 2.34 億美元，相較於中國的 2,950 億美元。

Only goods from Mexico and Canada have a chance of avoiding these new tariffs, though existing 25% tariffs will remain on their exports that don't comply with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. As businesses determine how much of these increased costs to absorb or pass on to consumers, Americans are left wondering not if prices will rise, but when and by how much as the effects ripple through supply chains in the coming months.

只有來自墨西哥和加拿大的商品有可能避免這些新關稅，但對於不符合《美墨加協定》（United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement）的出口品，現有的 25% 關稅仍將保留。隨著企業決定吸收多少增加的成本或將其轉嫁給消費者，美國人不禁疑惑，價格上漲不是「是否」的問題，而是「何時」以及「上漲多少」的問題，因為這些影響將在未來幾個月內波及整個供應鏈。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

1. Substantial (Sub-stan-tial) [adjective. very large in amount or importance]: The tariffs will cause substantial price increases for American consumers buying imported goods.
2. Calculations (Cal-cu-la-tions) [noun. the process of using numbers to find an amount or value]: According to calculations by the Tax Foundation, these tariffs could cost each American household an extra $2,100 per year.
3. Noticeable (No-tice-a-ble) [adjective. easy to see or recognize]: Industry experts predict noticeable increases in toy prices by late summer once current supplies run out.
4. Reciprocal (Re-cip-ro-cal) [adjective. given or done in return; mutual]: Trump called the tariffs "reciprocal," but they don't actually match the rates other countries charge on American goods.
5. Ripple (Rip-ple) [verb. to spread gradually through something]: The effects of these new tariffs will ripple through supply chains in the coming months, affecting prices across many products.

Reference article:
1. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/03/business/trumps-reciprocal-tariffs-countries-list-dg/index.html
2. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/03/economy/what-more-expensive-price-increase-new-tariffs/index.html