Send us Fan Mail

How internal states like hunger and hormones shape instinctive behaviors, particularly parental care

Episode Summary: Dr. Johannes Kohl explains instinctive behaviors in mammals, emphasizing how states like hunger and hormonal cycles modulate actions such as parental care; they discuss hypothalamic circuits, hormone integration, and pregnancy-induced brain changes, highlighting the balance between motivations like feeding and nurturing offspring.

About the guest: Jonny Kohl, PhD heads the State-Dependent Neural Processing Lab at the Francis Crick Institute in London.

Discussion Points:

• Instinctive behaviors: Pre-wired actions like escaping predators or parental care enable survival without learning, yet remain modifiable by experience and internal states.
• Internal states: Defined as slowly changing conditions (minutes to weeks) like hunger or hormonal fluctuations that influence brain processing & behavior prioritization.
• Hunger regulation: Hypothalamic AGRP neurons detect caloric deficits, creating motivational discomfort relieved by food anticipation, operating on multiple timescales via neurotransmitters & peptides.
• Parental care: Virgin mice show variable pup-directed behaviors; hunger increases aggression, modulated by estrous cycle hormone ratios (estradiol/progesterone).
• Hormone-brain interactions: Steroid hormones like estradiol and progesterone diffuse into the brain, altering gene expression, neuronal excitability, and circuit plasticity over short and long timescales.
• Pregnancy adaptations: Late pregnancy rewires MPOA circuits via surging hormones, preparing robust maternal behavior before birth (anticipatory brain plasticity).

Practical Takeaways:

• Recognize hunger’s impact: Mild food deprivation can heighten irritability or aggression, which can affect social interactions.
• Consider hormonal influences: Cyclical hormone changes affect mood and motivation; tracking cycles may help predict and manage behavioral shifts.
• Prioritize self-care in parenting: Sleep and nutrition deficits mimic hunger states, potentially reducing patience; ensure rest and meals to support nurturing behaviors.
• Question chronic hormone use: Long-term interventions like birth control or testosterone can alter brain function; weigh benefits against potential side effects.

*Not medical advice.

Support the show

Health Products by M&M Partners:

• AquaTru: Water filtration devices that remove microplastics, metals, bacteria, and more from your drinking water. Through link, $100 off AquaTru Carafe, Classic & Under Sink Units; $300 off Freestanding models.
• OmegaQuant: At-home blood testing to see fatty acid profiles, including omega-3 fatty acids. Use link to see options and support M&M.
• SiPhox Health: Comprehensive, cost-effective bloodwork from the comfort of home. Use code TRIKOMES for 20% off.
• KetoCitra—Ketone body BHB + electrolytes formulated for kidney health. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime)
• SporesMD: Premium mushrooms products (gourmet mushrooms, nootropics, research). Use code 'nickjikomes' for 20% off.

For all the ways you can support my efforts