In this video we will take a look at whether or not having a positive attitude can ACTUALLY improve your health and reduce pain. We also take a look at the nature of chronic pain to see if it really is all in your head, and if so what can we DO about it? How can we change our attitudes and beliefs about pain? Does mindset matter for improving our health?

REFERENCES: 

Paper of focus  - Hanssen MM, et al. Can positive affect attenuate (persistent) pain? State of the art and clinical implications. Curr Rheumatol Rep (2017) 19: 80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-017-0703-3

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2.  Strigo IA, et al. Association of major depressive disorder with altered functional brain response during anticipation and processing of heat pain. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008

3. van Middendorp H, et al. The effects of anger and sadness on clinical pain reports and experimentally-induced pain thresholds in women with and with-out fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care & Research. 2010

4. Burns JW, et al. Anger arousal and behavioral anger regulation in everyday life among patients  with chronic low back pain: relationships to patient pain and function. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 2015

5.  Vlaeyen JW, et al. The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain. 2016. Overview and update of leading biopsychosocial model in the study of (persistent) pain.

6. Zautra AJ, et al. Positive affect as a source of resilience for women in chronic pain. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005.

7. Strand EB, et al. A Positive affect as a factor of resilience in the pain-negative affect relationship in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Psychosom Res. 2006

8. Thong ISK, et al. The buffering role of positive affect on the association between pain intensity and pain related outcomes. Scand J Pain. 2017

9. Roy M, et al. Cerebral and spinal modulation of pain by emotions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009

10. Steptoe A, et al. Neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors associated with positive affect in healthy men and women: the Whitehall II study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008

11. Steptoe A, et al. Positive affect and psychobiological processes relevant to health. J Pers. 2009

12. Zautra AJ, et al. Dynamic approaches to emotions and stress in everyday life: Bolger and Zuckerman reloaded with positive as well as negative affects. J Pers. 2005

13. Ong AD, Zautra AJ, Reid MC. Chronic pain and the adaptive significance of positive emotions. Am Psychol. 2015.

14. Garland EL, Fredrickson B, Kring AM, Johnson DP, Meyer PS, Penn DL. Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010

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