Question 1:

Given the patient's medication and medical history, which complication is he at an increased risk for during mobility training

A) Orthostatic hypotension

B) Fractures

C) Respiratory distress

D) Hyperkalemia

The patient is exhibiting difficulty following multi-step commands. Which approach would be MOST appropriate when giving instructions for exercises?

A) Provide written instructions with diagrams.

B) Give complex, multi-step verbal commands rapidly.

C) Demonstrate the exercise first and then provide simple, one-step commands.

D) Use tactile cues exclusively without any verbal instruction.

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June presents with complaints of pain during the midstance to terminal stance phase of gait. Upon examination, there's excessive pronation of the subtalar joint and pes planus deformity. What muscle is MOST likely weakened?

A) Flexor digitorum brevis

B) Tibialis posterior

C) Abductor hallucis

D) Extensor digitorum longus

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Belinda is a 46-year-old patient with a history of diabetes presents with a non-healing ulcer on the plantar surface of the foot. Upon examination, the therapist notes a well-defined ulcer with a punched-out appearance surrounded by callused skin. Which type of ulcer is this most indicative of?

A) Venous stasis ulcer

B) Arterial insufficiency ulcer

C) Neuropathic ulcer

D) Pressure ulcer

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Kelly is a 60-year-old patient who is post-stroke and exhibits a steppage gait pattern. What is the MOST likely underlying neuromuscular deficit contributing to this gait deviation?

A) Weak hip flexors

B) Weak ankle dorsiflexors

C) Spastic quadriceps

D) Spastic hip adductors

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Janie is a physical therapist who is conducting research to determine the relationship between hours of standing per day and the severity of lower back pain in factory workers. After analyzing the data, the therapist finds a positive, strong correlation (r = 0.85) between the two variables. What does this correlation coefficient indicate?

A) An 85% chance that standing longer hours directly causes increased back pain severity.

B) A strong relationship between hours of standing and back pain severity, but not necessarily a cause-and-effect relationship.

C) A negative relationship between hours of standing and back pain severity.

D) An insignificant relationship between the two variables.

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Roger is a 45-year-old is an avid cyclist who presents with anterior knee pain, especially after long rides. The pain is localized near the patellar tendon's inferior pole. What condition best describes these symptoms?

A) Patellofemoral pain syndrome

B) Osgood-Schlatter disease

C) Patellar tendinitis

D) Chondromalacia patellae

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Jason is a 25-year-old soccer player who sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury 8 weeks ago and underwent surgical repair. Current therapy goals are to restore neuromuscular control and proprioception. Which exercise will BEST address these goals?

A) Open-chain knee extension exercises in sitting

B) Balance exercises on a wobble board

C) Prone hamstring curls

D) Passive range of motion of the knee

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Betty is 55-year-old female with a history of congestive heart failure who presents with complaints of dyspnea during moderate activities. She mentions that she has been sleeping with three pillows at night for comfort. Given this information, which clinical term best describes her sleeping condition?

A) Eupnea

B) Hyperpnea

C) Orthopnea

D) Apnea

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Charese presents a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) performs a six-minute walk test. Which outcome, if observed during the test, would indicate an exacerbation or worsening of the patient's COPD?

A. Increased stride length

B. Decreased use of accessory muscles for breathing

C. A decrease in SpO2 below 90%

D. A decrease in respiratory rate

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Vicky is 67-year-old female with advanced osteoarthritis is scheduled for a total hip arthroplasty. The orthopedic surgeon decides on a posterior approach. Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for utilizing a posterior approach during the procedure?

A. Minimize disruption to hip flexors

B. Provide better access to the acetabulum

C. Avoid risk to the sciatic nerve

D. Reduce surgical time

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