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João, Raphael e Marcela Belleza trazem quatro clinicagens importantes sobre um remédio muito comum da nossa prática médica: os opioides. Como prescrever? Quais efeitos adversos são comuns e como tratar? Como é a intoxicação por opioide? Como usar essa classe na dispneia e na tosse? 

Escala RIOSORD de risco de intoxicação por opioides

https://paindr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RIOSORD-tool.pdf

Referências:

1. Uptodate Dez 2021. Prevention and management of side effects in patients receiving opioids for chronic pain. Russell K Portenoy,Zankhana Mehta, Ebtesam Ahmed, Janet Abrahm, Diane MF Savarese

2. TASSINARI, Davide et al. Adverse effects of transdermal opiates treating moderate-severe cancer pain in comparison to long-acting morphine: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Journal of palliative medicine, v. 11, n. 3, p. 492-501, 2008

3. Uptodate Nov 2021. Approach to symptom assessment in palliative care. Victor T Chang, Thomas J Smith, Jane Givens

4. Manual de Cuidados Paliativos - Ministério da Saúde. 2020.

5. Uptodate 2021. Assessment and management of dyspnea in palliative care. Deborah Dudgeon, Eduardo Bruera, Jane Givens,Helen Hollingsworth.

6. JOHNSON, Miriam J.; CURROW, David C. Opioids for breathlessness: a narrative review. BMJ supportive & palliative care, v. 10, n. 3, p. 287-295, 2020.

7. Palliative care: Overview of cough, stridor, and hemoptysis in adults. Charles von Gunten, Gary Buckholz, Eduardo Bruera, Jane Givens.

8. MOLASSIOTIS, Alex et al. Interventions for cough in cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, n. 5, 2015. 9-YANCY JR, William S. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of treatments for chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, v. 144, n. 6, p. 1827-1838, 2013.

9. YANCY JR, William S. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of treatments for chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, v. 144, n. 6, p. 1827-1838, 2013.

10. Caraceni A, et al. Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC. European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC), on behalf of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) - Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: e58–68 www.thelancet.com/oncology Vol 13 February 2012

11. Jost L, Rolia F. Management of cancer pain: ESMO Clinical Recommendations. Annals of Oncology Volume 19, Supplement 2, May 2008, Pages ii119-ii121

12. Zeppetella, Giovambattista Impact and management of breakthrough pain in cancer, Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care: March 2009 - Volume 3 - Issue 1 - p 1-6 doi: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e3283260658

13. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65(No. RR-1):1–49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1

14. Management of Chronic Pain in Survivors of Adult Cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Judith A. Paice, Russell Portenoy, Christina Lacchetti, Toby Campbell, Andrea Cheville, Marc Citron, Louis S. Constine, Andrea Cooper, Paul Glare, Frank Keefe, Lakshmi Koyyalagunta, Michael Levy, Christine Miaskowski, Shirley Otis-Green, Paul Sloan, and Eduardo Bruera Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016 34:27, 3325-3345

15. BABU, Kavita M.; BRENT, Jeffrey; JUURLINK, David N. Prevention of opioid overdose. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 380, n. 23, p. 2246-2255, 2019.

16. Osler, W. "Oedema of left lung-morphia poisoning." Montreal Gen Hosp Rep 1 (1880): 291