The 10-Minute Take

Both U.S. and Canadian households are facing recession fears- but for different reasons. Downside surprises to U.S. data in early August triggered a massive equity selloff. And a triggering of the “Sahm rule” in the U.S. was met with recession fears.

In Canada, households are feeling stretched and job seekers struggle to find work. Despite not being in a recession, it certainly feels like one. How will Central Banks react and when will things start to feel easier for Canadian households?

In this episode of the 10-minute take, join RBC Economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone for a macro update as they answer your burning questions around the latest data points, recession fears, and what all of this means for the year ahead.

Younger Canadians are bearing the brunt of the softening labour market, accounting for the lion’s share— 80%—of the increase in Canada's unemployment rate since the summer of 2022.

That share is much higher than in previous downturns like the global financial crisis. Not having a job results in a big hit to disposable income. That coupled with surging costs to service mortgages and other debt has forced many younger Canadian households to deleverage.

Some of these challenges are set to unwind in the year ahead, as inflation eases and interest rates drop lower. Other issues, including limited access to the housing market could have a longer-lasting impact on young Canadians' lives. In this week’s episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone as they take a deep dive into the challenges facing young Canadians.

The recent deterioration of the Canadian labour market comes at a time when immigration and population growth have also increased significantly. Many have put the two together, and attributed rising unemployment solely to the increase in the labour force due to newcomers. On that, we have a different view.

It is true that landed immigrants are seeing a faster increase in the unemployment rate, but that’s been the case whenever the economy has softened in previous periods. This time around, the bigger deterioration was seen among students and new graduates who are having an increasingly hard time landing a job as demand for labour continues to pull back.

In this week’s episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone unpack trends in the labour market, starting with how immigration fits into it all. They’ll then discuss which age groups and industries have been hit particularly hard, before finishing up with what to expect going forward.

The focus is back on former U.S. president Donald Trump’s regressive trade policies after the first U.S. presidential debate and heading into November’s elections.

On his campaign trail, Trump has promised to impose hefty tariffs on imports if elected for a second term—suggesting 60% tariffs on imports from China and 10% tariffs on all other imports across the board.

in this week’s episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone look back at tariffs imposed by Trump during his last presidency and their impact on the U.S. economy. They’ll debunk some of the common misconceptions about the impact of tariffs on economic growth and job creation, before moving on to answer key questions such as what to expect this time around, and how Canada fits into it all.

Canada’s underperformance in productivity has attracted a lot of limelight recently. It’s not a new problem, but the gap (especially when measured against the U.S.) has simply gotten too large to ignore. In the 1970s, the level of Canadian productivity was roughly 90% of U.S. levels. Today it’s more like 70%. That deterioration over the decades leads to an enormous $20,000 earnings gap, between an average Canadian and an average American currently per year.

Indeed, historically, gains in productivity have correlated well with real wage growth. And that’s really why everyone should care about slower productivity. Because at its core, a lack of productivity growth means a lack of improvement in living standards.

On this episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC Assistant Chief Economist Nathan Janzen and Economist Claire Fan as they tackle productivity. They’ll start by going over all the basics – what productivity is, how it’s measured and why it matters, before detailing a few of the many drivers underlining Canada’s underperformance, and what could help in the period ahead.

With summer approaching, what can we look forward to this year’s travel season that might be different from before? For one, it took longer for Canadians to feel comfortable with longer distance travel following pandemic disruptions but as of the end of 2023, demand for overseas tourism had finally recovered. That trend will likely continue this summer, as more Canadians travel further away to destinations that may have something different to offer. Switching the lens inward, the rebound in travel demand among Canadians has not been fully reciprocated by foreign visitors coming to travel in Canada. That’s where there’s still a sizable gap to be filled.

On this episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC Economists Carrie Freestone and Claire Fan as they unpack travel trends. They’ll start by going over where things stand as of the beginning of this year, before getting to some soft spots remaining, and explain why or why not those will bounce back in 2024.

An aging population has dire economic and fiscal consequences. It means widespread labour shortages, more upward pressure on wage growth and inflation, and potentially a growing funding gap for public social services. Canada is not alone in facing such challenges. What is unique, however, is how the Canadian government has utilized immigration as a tool to combat those headwinds.

On this episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC Economists Carrie Freestone and Claire Fan as they unpack what it means for the economy to have an aging population. They’ll highlight how Canada measures up against the U.S. and the role immigration can play to soften the blow.

In April, the Bank of Canada shifted its estimate for neutral rate up 25 basis points- a reflection that the 'normal' of interest rates in the post-pandemic era is likely higher than the decade before. What exactly are ‘neutral’ rates and how did the Bank know to adjust them higher? After many decades of neutral rates moving lower, why is the pendulum swinging back?

On this episode of the 10-Minute Take, join RBC Economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone as they chat monetary policy and answer all of your burning questions around the ‘neutral’ rate of interest.

In early 2024, the disparity in economic performance among advanced economies has grown more apparent. Increasingly, we are seeing the Canadian economy underperforming, especially comparing to strong conditions in the U.S.. Not so optimistic, however, are the U.S. inflation numbers that are once again gathering heat. This has prompted considerations that the Federal Reserve will need to keep rates higher for much longer. But will the BoC have to follow suit?

On this week’s episode of the 10-Minute Take, RBC Economists Claire Fan and Carrie Freestone will answer this question for you. They will start by going over where the potential concerns are with a rate divergence between the Bank of Canada and the Fed, before getting to why the BoC is not expected to be derailed in its upcoming easing cycle.

Housing affordability has become a generational concern in Canada and recently took centre-stage in the Federal Budget. At today’s prices, two-thirds of Canadian households cannot afford to purchase a detached home based on earned-income alone. How did we get here? And how can we improve access to home ownership?

On this week’s episode of the 10-Minute Take we are joined by special guest, RBC’s Assistant Chief Economist Robert Hogue to discuss his latest report, The Great Rebuild. Robert will unpack what has driven Canada’s momentous housing supply challenges and how they can be solved in the years ahead.