Nels and Vincent look at the intracellular bacteria Legionella from an evolutionary perspective: the role of gene acquisition and reshuffling from plants, animals, fungi, and archaea in the emergence of human pathogens.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Over 18,000 effectors in Legionella genome (PNAS)
• Carmen Buchrieser lab
• Howard Shuman

Nels - Science in Film (twitter) Vincent - Lunar Eclipse 101

Nels and Vincent reveal a highly conserved protein that acts as an evolvability factor, increasing mutation and the ability of bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Inhibiting evolution of antibiotic resistance (Mol Cell)
• Pushing viruses over the error threshold (virology blog)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiEVO 38

Nels- Science/nature illustrator/artist Rachel Ignotofsky (website, Etsy shop) Vincent- Life Ascending by Nick Lane

Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles

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David Quammen joins Nels and Vincent to talk about his new book, A Tangled Tree, including evolutionary trees, Carl Woese, Lynn Margulis, horizontal gene transfer, and much more.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

Guest: David Quammen

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• David's website
• David on TWiV 408, Boston Quammens
• Axel Erlandson's trees reimagined - Gilroy Gardens

Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles

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Mia joins Nels and Vincent to unravel their finding that the transposons that maintain the ends of chromosomes in Drosophilahave evolved in conflict with the genome.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Mia Levine

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• Levine Lab at U Penn
• Telomere elongation without telomerase (bioRxiv)
• Letters read on TWiEVO 36

Nels - Cinema Science podcast Vincent - Mastodon bones unearthed (Instagram, Grand Rapids News)

Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles

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Nels and Vincent reveal that female-specific DNA associated with sex in strawberries has repeatedly changed its genomic location, possibly linking new genes with sex.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Jumping sex genes in strawberries (PLoS Biol)
• Red Queen by Matt Ridley
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiEVO 35

Nels - New snailfish and Cloned crayfish Vincent - A PhD Lab Coat Ceremony

Steve - Diversity in simple blobs Justin - On Growth and Forms by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

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Nels and Vincent discuss how the loss of an enzyme in marine mammals millions of years ago now makes them at risk for neurotoxicity caused by human-made organophosphorous pesticides.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Ancient lossesof paraoxonase I (Science)
• Big Yellow Taxi (YouTube)
• Image credit
• Letters read on TWiEVO 34

Hey farmer farmer put away the chlor-pyri-fus I don't care about spots on my apples Leave me the manatee and walruses

Nels - New dinosaur discovered in Utah Vincent -The Song of the Dodo by David Quammen

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Nels and Vincent are astounded by the finding of an insect-derived virus in a fungus that manipulates the behavior of flies.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Virus in fungus in fly (bioRxiv)
• On a leaf, no one can hear you scream (TWiV 443)
• Nels gives Benzer Lecture (YouTube)
• Domestication of fungal fly pathogen (bioRxiv)
• Sequencing E. muscae genome (10X genomics)
• Eisen's twitter stream on new iflavirus (Twitter)

Nels - Mindsuckers; getting photos; Anand Varma photos Vincent - Happy Birthday Gregor Mendel

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Matt joins Nels and Vincent to discuss the neutral theory of evolution and its rejection in light of genome-scale data.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

Guest: Matt Hahn

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• Hahn Lab
• Molecular Population Genetics by Matt Hahn
• Neutral theoryin light of natural selection (Mol Biol Evol)
• Neutral Sequence Fallacy(Assembly of Fragments)
• Splendor and miseryof adaptation (BMC Biol)
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiEVO 32

Nels - Inaugural Transposon Day Vincent - How many human genes?

Anne- Plants repeatedly lose ability to obtain nitrogen

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Nels and Vincent present ancient hepatitis B virus genome sequences from Bronze Age to Medieval period human remains.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Ancient hepatitis B virus genomes(Nature)
• Even more ancient HBV genomes(bioRxiv)
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiEVO 31

Nels - Sampling whale breathwith drones (Preprint) Vincent - Verge Science

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Nels and Vincent reveal how a motor protein in corn causes preferential transmission of chromosomes to egg cells, leading to non-Mendelian inheritance.

Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello

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• Molecular Evolution and the Cellmeeting
• Selfishcorn chromosomes (Cell)
• Dawe Lab- neocentromeres and meiotic drive
• Image credit
• Letters readon TWiEVO 30

Nels - Craypot stinkhorn mushroom (Colus pusilus) Vincent -Doubts raised over plan to release herpesvirus to wipe out carp

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