This Week in Virology

TWiV explains projected effects of removing school-entry vaccination requirements on measles transmission in Florida and evidence that HLA class I escape drives the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in human populations.

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• Support science education at MicrobeTV
• Effects of removing Florida school vaccination mandates (PNAS)
• HLA escape drives SARS-CoV-2 evolution (PNAS)
• The other landscape of SARS-CoV-2 evolution (PNAS)
• Letters read on TWiV 1369
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Brianne – Astronomers Discover the First Green Star Rich – Inside the Johns Hopkins Psilocybin Playlist by Marc Shapiro (2020) Alan – The Wreck of the Mentor, by Eric Jay Dolin Vincent – The Apollo 11 Code is Open Source (and its' hilarious)

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello are discouraged by the continuous attack on vaccines especially the birth dose of the hepatitis B virus vaccine, effects of the 2026 changes in immunization schedule, the global burden of vaccine preventable diseases including pertussis and measles, expansion of the Bundibugyo ebolavirus outbreak in Kenya, increase in rabies diagnosis in the US and screwworm cases before Dr. Griffin deep dives into recent statistics RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 infections, measles including an 8% increase in confirmed cases in 1 week in the US and its history especially the Faroe Island outbreak in 1846, warnings of congenital measles, effect of Fluvoxamine and Metformin to combat fatigue of long COVID and contacting your federal government representative to stop the assault on science and biomedical research.

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• Kennedy's Vaccine Plan Could Cause Surge in Hepatitis B, Study Finds(NY Times)
• Projected Effect of 2026 Federal Changes to the Childhood Immunization Schedule on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections in the United States (Annals of Internal Medicine)
• Highlights from the Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization (WHO)
• The Effect of Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy on Pertussis and Diphtheria Immunity in Children at 3 and 4 Years of Age (JID)
• Effectiveness of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Children Aged 6 Months–6 Years During a Statewide Pertussis Outbreak — Alaska, May–November 2024 (CDC: MMWR)
• Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for Ages 18 Years or Younger (AAP)
• Global, regional and national burden of pertussis in 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease study (Nature Medicine)
• Is Rabies Making a Comeback? (NY Times)
• Dashboard SCREWWORM.Gov (USDA: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
• CDC Activates Emergency Operations Center for New World Screwworm Response (CDC Newroom)
• Epidemiological Alert: Myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in the Americas Region, 16 October 2026 (PAHO)
• Ebola DRC (X)
• Ebola dashboard (ebola.fyi)
• EBOLA: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2026 (WHO)
• Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHO: Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC:Ebola)
• Kenya confirms first Ebola case after man who travelled from Congo dies (Reuters)
• Kenya reports second Ebola case, family member of first patient (Reuters)
• Kenya confirms third Ebola case as health officials race to contain outbreak (Africanews)
• Is Ebola under control in Kenya after nine cases confirmed? (BBC)
• Nigeria confirms imported case of Ebola Bundibugyo virus disease (WHO: African region)
• As Ebola epidemic rages, Congo bets on high-stakes 'hope' vaccine trial (Science)
• US measles cases grow by 8% in 1 week, for a total of 4,410 (CIDRAP)
• Amish Families Pushed to Undo a Vaccine Law. Then Measles Arrived. (NY Times)
• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis after Measles Outbreaks, the Philippines, 2007–2022(CDC: Emergin Infectious Diseases)
• Observations Made During the Epidemic of Measles on the Faroe Islands in the Year 1846 (Amazon)
• "The Sombre Aspect of the Entire Landscape" — Epidemiology and the Faroe Islands (NEJM)
• Guidance for measles in pregnancy and congenital measles (Pennsylvaina Department of Health)
• Pennsylvania raises alarm on congenital measles (CIDRAP)
• C.D.C. Ignored Request From States to Validate a New Measles Test (NY Times)
• Wastewater for measles (WasterWater Scan)
• Measles cases and outbreaks (CDC Rubeola)
• Big outbreak, bright lights…Measles Dashboard (South Carolina Department of Public Health)
• Utah measles outbreak response (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Utah Measles Dashboard (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Measles (VDH: Virginia Department of Health)
• Tracking Measles Cases in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins)
• HAP's Latest News Pa. Launches New Measles Dashboard (Hospital + HealthSystem Association of Pennsylvania)
• Measles (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Measles Dashboard (New York State: Department of Health)
• Weekly measles and rubella monitoring (Government of Canada)
• Measles (WHO)
• Get the FACTS about measles (NY State Department of Health)
• Measles (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Measles vaccine (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Presumptive evidence of measles immunity (CDC)
• Contraindications and precautions to measles vaccination (CDC)
• Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: evidence bearing on causality (NLM)
• Measles Vaccination: Know the Facts(ISDA: Infectious Diseases Society of America)
• Deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show (Vaccine)
• Measles Cases and Outbreaks (CDC: Rubeola)
• Laboratory Testing for Measles (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Clinical Diagnosis Fact Sheet (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Serology Testing (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Influenza: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Respiratory virus activity levels (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Flu vaccine recommendations: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee March 12, 2026 Meeting Announcement (FDA)
• WHO updates all 3 viral strains to be included in fall flu shots (CIDRAP)
• FDA vaccine advisers recommend adding subclade K to fall shots( CIDRAP)
• Weekly surveillance report: cliff notes (CDC FluView)
• RSV: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• Respiratory Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• RSV-Network (CDC Respiratory Syncytial virus Infection)
• Vaccines for Adults (CDC: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV))
• Economic Analysis of Protein Subunit and mRNA RSV Vaccination in Adults aged 50-59 Years (CDC: ACIP)
• RSV Immunization Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season (JAMA)
• Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• COVID-19 deaths (CDC)
• Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel (CDC: Respiratory Illnesses)
• COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC)
• COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain)
• Ensitrelvir for Covid-19 Postexposure Prophylaxis in Household Contacts (NEJM)
• Moderna Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Updated 2026-2027 COVID-19 Vaccines (Moderna)
• Novavax's Partnership Strategy Continues to Deliver with XFG-adapted Nuvaxovid™ Approvals in the U.S., EU and Japan for 2026-2027 Vaccination Season (novavax)
• Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval for XFG-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
• FDA approves new COVID vaccines (CIDRAP)
• Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda)
• EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD)
• Infusion center (Prime Fusions)
• CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC)
• NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH)
• Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool)
• Help your eligible patients access PAXLOVID with the PAXCESS Patient Support Program (Pfizer Pro)
• Understanding Coverage Options (PAXCESS)
• Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society)
• What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC)
• Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID)
• Long COVID hotline (Columbia : Columbia University Irving Medical Center)
• The answers: Long COVID
• Effect of Fluvoxamine and Metformin for Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID (Annals of Internal Medicine)
• Reaching out to US house representative
• Letters read on TWiV 1368
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV explains a study which shows that influenza A virus infection induces immune dysregulation in the placenta and fetus without vertical transmission in nonhuman primates, and development of an epigenetic silencer therapy to transcriptionally inactivate viral DNA in chronic hepatitis B.

Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Support science education at MicrobeTV
• Helen Branswell, 69 (STAT)
• Influenza A virus and fetal immune dysregulation (Sci Adv)
• Epigenetic silencing for hepatitis B (Nat Biomed Eng)
• Letters read on TWiV 1367
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Brianne – A healing touch for coral bleaching Kathy – Saturday Morning Physics especially The Science of Survey Research Rich – Everything is Tuberculosis by John Green Vincent – Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries by Neil deGrasse Tyson

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello are crestfallen to learn of the 6th measles death in Pennsylvania and more than 9000 deaths from Ebola, an enterovirus/Coxsackievirus outbreak at the University of Pennsylvania, decimation of the HIV services following withdrawal of PEPFAR and USAID, role of gut microbes in vaccine adverse events such as fever, continued raw milk consumption, and thermostable nanoparticles for mRNA vaccine delivery before Dr. Griffin deep dives into recent statistics RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 infections, measles, development of a rapid diagnostic for measles, how long COVID effects sleep cycles and the microbiome, and contacting your federal government representative to stop the assault on science and biomedical research.

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Hand, foot, and mouth disease cases spike at Penn this fall (The Daily Pennsylvanian)
• HIV service delivery after the PEPFAR and USAID HIV funding withdrawal in Uganda and Zimbabwe: an interrupted time-series study (LANCET: Global Health)
• The human gut microbiome primes fever after vaccination (Science)
• Escape to 11,100' in Rustic Luxury (HaydenBackcountry)
• Consumption of Unpasteurized (Raw) Milk and Milk Products by Pregnant People and Children: Policy Statement (Pediatrics)
• Raw milk poses serious infection risks with no added health benefits, pediatrician group warns (CIDRAP)
• The Science and the Stakes of Raw Milk Consumption with Pam Ruegg, Nicole Martin, and Daniel Griffin (Dairy Digressions)
• First Birth Cohort Eligible for Chickenpox Vaccine Had a Sharp Drop in Shingles Cases (Epic Research)
• Accelerated discovery of thermostable mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccines using data-efficient AI (Nature: Biotechnology)
• Legionnaires' Disease (NYC: Health)
• Dashboard SCREWWORM.Gov (USDA: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
• CDC Activates Emergency Operations Center for New World Screwworm Response (CDC Newroom)
• Ebola DRC (X)
• Ebola dashboard (ebola.fyi)
• EBOLA: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2026 (WHO)
• Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak Democratic Republic of the Congo(WHO: Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC:Ebola)
• Congo's Ebola infections surpass 9,000, government report shows (Reuters)
• I've Worked in Congo for Decades. I've Never Seen an Ebola Crisis Like This (NY Times)
• Pennsylvania reports its 6th measles death, in a Franklin County resident (CIDRAP)
• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis after Measles Outbreaks, the Philippines, 2007–2022 (CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
• Measles Outbreak in Amish Country Forces Some to Rethink Vaccines (NY Times)
• Wastewater for measles (WasterWater Scan)
• Measles cases and outbreaks (CDC Rubeola)
• Big outbreak, bright lights…Measles Dashboard (South Carolina Department of Public Health)
• Utah measles outbreak response (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Utah Measles Dashboard (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Measles (VDH: Virginia Department of Health)
• Tracking Measles Cases in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins)
• HAP's Latest News Pa. Launches New Measles Dashboard (Hospital + HealthSystem Association of Pennsylvania)
• Measles (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Measles Dashboard (New York State: Department of Health)
• Made in Africa: New measles rapid diagnostic tests mark breakthrough for vaccination efforts (GAVI: The Vaccine Alliance)
• Weekly measles and rubella monitoring (Government of Canada)
• Measles (WHO)
• Get the FACTS about measles (NY State Department of Health)
• Measles (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Measles vaccine (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Presumptive evidence of measles immunity (CDC)
• Contraindications and precautions to measles vaccination (CDC)
• Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: evidence bearing on causality (NLM)
• Measles Vaccination: Know the Facts (ISDA: Infectious Diseases Society of America)
• Deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show (Vaccine)
• Measles Cases and Outbreaks (CDC: Rubeola)
• Laboratory Testing for Measles (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Clinical Diagnosis Fact Sheet (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Serology Testing (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Influenza: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Respiratory virus activity levels (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Flu vaccine recommendations: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee March 12, 2026 Meeting Announcement (FDA)
• WHO updates all 3 viral strains to be included in fall flu shots (CIDRAP)
• FDA vaccine advisers recommend adding subclade K to fall shots (CIDRAP)
• Weekly surveillance report: cliff notes (CDC FluView)
• OPTION 2: XOFLUZA $50 Cash Pay Option (xofluza)
• RSV: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• Respiratory Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• RSV-Network (CDC Respiratory Syncytial virus Infection)
• Vaccines for Adults (CDC: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV))
• Economic Analysis of Protein Subunit and mRNA RSV Vaccination in Adults aged 50-59 Years (CDC: ACIP)
• RSV Immunization Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season (JAMA)
• Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• COVID-19 deaths (CDC)
• Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel (CDC: Respiratory Illnesses)
• COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC)
• COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain)
• Moderna Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Updated 2026-2027 COVID-19 Vaccines (Moderna)
• Novavax's Partnership Strategy Continues to Deliver with XFG-adapted Nuvaxovid™ Approvals in the U.S., EU and Japan for 2026-2027 Vaccination Season (novavax)
• Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval for XFG-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
• FDA approves new COVID vaccines (CIDRAP)
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)(CDC: Covid)
• Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda)
• EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD)
• Infusion center (Prime Fusions)
• CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC)
• NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH)
• Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool)
• Help your eligible patients access PAXLOVID with the PAXCESS Patient Support Program (Pfizer Pro)
• Understanding Coverage Options (PAXCESS)
• Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society)
• What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC)
• Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID)
• Long COVID hotline (Columbia : Columbia University Irving Medical Center)
• The answers: Long COVID
• Characterizing sleep disturbance phenotypes in long COVID: an EHR-based study from a safety-net hospital (Academia Medicine and Health)
• Sputum and oral microbiota profiles are associated with long COVID severity and phenotype post-hospitalisation: a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study (European Respiratory Journal)
• Microtesla magnetic therapy for cognitive impairment in long COVID: a randomized pilot study (Brian Communications)
• Reaching out to US house representative
• Letters read on TWiV 1366
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV travels to Porto, Portugal for the annual meeting of the European Society for Clinical Virology, where he speaks with Catherine and Corinne about their work on the Andes virus outbreak on the MV Hondius.

Guests: Catherine Houlihan and Corinne Guerts van Kessel

Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Support science education at MicrobeTV
• Transient Andes RNA detection in asymptomatic healthcare worker (Eurosurveill)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello discuss their continuing struggle to understand the ongoing outbreak of cyclospora, decimation of US public health including 30% or greater loss of personnel from the CDC, continuing measles outbreaks here and aboard, a mumps outbreak in San Diego and a Hib death in Montana, criminalization of pediatricians in Texas, dengue associated death in Florida, Ebola in Kenya, a new Legionnaires outbreak, screw worm cases, and a hearing in Florida to end requirements of four vaccines including Hib and chickenpox, before Dr. Griffin deep dives into recent statistics RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 infections, the continued measles outbreak in Pennsylvania, US, Canada, statistics on vaccine preventable disease mortality in children, effectiveness of adjuvanted high dose influenza vaccine and contacting your federal government representative to stop the assault on science and biomedical research.

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Smallpox History and Decisive Actions of George Washington (CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
• Christina Jewett (NY Times)
• Caroline Hopkins Legaspi (NY Times)
• F.D.A. Found Cyclospora During Taylor Farms Inspection in Mexico (NY Times)
• Suspected plague incident leaves 1 dead, 200 under quarantine in Siberia (CIDRAP)
• Dozens quarantined in Siberia after plague institute lab worker dies (Reuters)
• Russia tells WHO there are no plague cases in Siberian city (Reuters)
• 30% effective workforce loss across CDC (AFGE Local 2883)
• CDC Leadership (CDC: About CDC)
• CDC Leadership 2025 (CDC)
• They Fought Outbreaks Worldwide. Now They're Fighting for New Lives. (NY Times)
• 'Zombified' C.D.C., Hobbled by Cuts, Struggles to Fulfill Scientific Mission(NY Times)
• San Diego State football hit by mumps outbreak with 14 confirmed cases ahead of Pac-12 opener (CBS Sports)
• Texas Pediatricians Face Paxton Investigations for Vaccinating Children (NY Times)
• Montana DPHHS reports pediatric death from complications of invasive Hib infection (NBC: Montana)
• Florida announces Oct. 8 hearing on plan to end rules for four vaccines (WUSF: NPR Health News Florida)
• Legionnaires' Disease (NYC: Health)
• 2 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease at Queens apartment complex prompt NYC Health Department probe (CBS News)
• Dashboard SCREWWORM.Gov (USDA: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
• CDC Activates Emergency Operations Center for New World Screwworm Response (CDC Newroom)
• Kenya Records Ebola Case for First Time (NY Times)
• Ebola DRC (X)
• Ebola dashboard (ebola.fyi)
• EBOLA: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2026 (WHO)
• Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHO: Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC:Ebola)
• Hochul Declares a Measles Emergency as Cases Rise in Rural New York( NY Times)
• Pediatric Deaths during Measles Outbreak, Jerusalem, Israel, 2025–2026 (CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
• Small quantity lipid-based nutritional supplementation and measles vaccination coverage in children aged 6−23 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial (Nature Medicine)
• Measles Outbreak in Amish Country Forces Some to Rethink Vaccines (NY Times)
• Wastewater for measles (WasterWater Scan)
• Measles cases and outbreaks (CDC Rubeola)
• Big outbreak, bright lights…Measles Dashboard (South Carolina Department of Public Health)
• Utah measles outbreak response (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Utah Measles Dashboard (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Measles (VDH: Virginia Department of Health)
• Tracking Measles Cases in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins)
• HAP's Latest News Pa. Launches New Measles Dashboard (Hospital + HealthSystem Association of Pennsylvania)
• Measles (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Measles Dashboard (New York State: Department of Health)
• Governor Hochul Declares State Disaster Emergency in Response to Ongoing Measles Outbreak (New York State: Department of Health)
• Weekly measles and rubella monitoring (Government of Canada)
• Measles (WHO)
• Get the FACTS about measles (NY State Department of Health)
• Measles (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Measles vaccine (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Presumptive evidence of measles immunity (CDC)
• Contraindications and precautions to measles vaccination (CDC)
• Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: evidence bearing on causality (NLM)
• Measles Vaccination: Know the Facts(ISDA: Infectious Diseases Society of America)
• Deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show (Vaccine)
• Measles and rubella weekly monitoring report (2025) (Government of Canada)
• Measles Cases and Outbreaks (CDC: Rubeola)
• Laboratory Testing for Measles (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Clinical Diagnosis Fact Sheet (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Serology Testing (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Annual flu vaccines are far from ideal — this is why (Nature)
• Virology's most wanted: the influenza virus (Nature)
• Early flu spike closes schools, clinics move up vaccinations (The Asahi Shimbun)
• Flu season could kick off 'incredibly' early — what scientists are watching (Nature)
• Near real-time data on the human neutralizing antibody landscape to influenza virus as of the summer of 2026 to inform vaccine-strain selection (Summary results)(Jbloomlab)
• Influenza: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Respiratory virus activity levels (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Disease Mortality Among Children in the Post-vaccine Era: Persistent Burden and Emerging Temporal Trends (Cureus Journal of Medical Science)
• Flu vaccine recommendations: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee March 12, 2026 Meeting Announcement (FDA)
• WHO updates all 3 viral strains to be included in fall flu shots (CIDRAP)
• FDA vaccine advisers recommend adding subclade K to fall shots (CIDRAP)
• Weekly surveillance report: clift notes (CDC FluView)
• OPTION 2: XOFLUZA $50 Cash Pay Option (xofluza)
• Adjuvanted and high-dose influenza vaccines had comparable effectiveness against test-confirmed influenza outcomes including hospitalizations in overall and high-risk older adults in the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons (International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
• Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes among adults in the United States, 2024–2025 (CID)
• RSV: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• Respiratory Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• RSV-Network (CDC Respiratory Syncytial virus Infection)
• Vaccines for Adults (CDC: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV))
• Economic Analysis of Protein Subunit and mRNA RSV Vaccination in Adults aged 50-59 Years (CDC: ACIP)
• RSV Immunization Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season (JAMA)
• Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• COVID-19 deaths (CDC)
• Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel (CDC: Respiratory Illnesses)
• COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC)
• COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain)
• Moderna Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Updated 2026-2027 COVID-19 Vaccines (Moderna)
• Novavax's Partnership Strategy Continues to Deliver with XFG-adapted Nuvaxovid™ Approvals in the U.S., EU and Japan for 2026-2027 Vaccination Season (novavax)
• Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval for XFG-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
• FDA approves new COVID vaccines (CIDRAP)
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) (CDC: Covid)
• Temporary Cessation of DMARD Therapy and COVID-19 Supplemental Dose Vaccine Immunogenicity in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis (JAMA Internal Medicine)
• Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda)
• EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD)
• Infusion center (Prime Fusions)
• CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC)
• NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH)
• Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool)
• Help your eligible patients access PAXLOVID with the PAXCESS Patient Support Program (Pfizer Pro)
• Understanding Coverage Options (PAXCESS)
• Prophylactic vs Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (JAMA: Open Network)
• Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society)
• What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC)
• Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID)
• Long COVID hotline (Columbia : Columbia University Irving Medical Center)
• The answers: Long COVID Reaching out to US house representative
• Letters read on TWiV 1364
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV explains a study testing how 16 hypothesized social and environmental drivers impact disease outbreaks, concluding that infectious disease spillover and emergence are multi-causal, and that no one-size-fits-all strategy can prevent epidemics and pandemics, and an analysis of Myotis bats, which shows that their remarkable longevity and immunity are linked through pleiotropic adaptations to viruses and aging-related disease.

Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email

Become a patron of TWiV!

• Support science education at MicrobeTV
• Virus Appreciation Day (Day of the Year)
• Anthropogenic fingerprint on emerging infectious diseases (Nature)
• Longevity and virus-driven adaptations in Myotis bats (Nature)
• Letters read on TWiV 1363
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Angela – Birds. Alan – Halloween t-shirts from my local animal shelter. Vincent – A Thousand Brains by Jeff Hawkins

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello continue their ongoing exasperation over 5 deaths in Pennsylvania associated with measles infections, the absurdity of RFK Jr.'s statement that AI is better informed than physicians, the outbreak of cholera, more deaths by raw milk products, spread of dengue virus in Florida, Ebola in DRC, refusal to acknowledge the benefits of the HBV vaccine birth dose, how TORCH agent infections impact neurodevelopment and may lead to increase chances of autism diagnosis, Legionnaires disease and screw worm cases, before Dr. Griffin deep dives into recent statistics on RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 infections, the continued measles outbreak in Pennsylvania, US, and Canada, modeling predictions of the outcome for repealing measles vaccination requirements to enter school in Florida, reactogenicity of different COVID vaccines and contacting your federal government representative to stop the assault on science and biomedical research.

Become a patron of TWiV!

• A.I. Is 'Better Informed' Than Doctors, Kennedy Tells Industry-Backed MAHA Summit (NY Times)
• WHO reports latest global trends in cholera, meningitis and plague (WHO)
• WHO: Global cholera deaths rose by 30% in2025 (CIDRAP)
• E. coli Outbreak Linked to Raw Milk Cheese (CDC: E. coli infection)
• CDC confirms multistate outbreak of E coli linked to raw milk cheese (CIDRAP)
• Dengue: Current Year Data (2026) (CDC: Dengue)
• Florida counties declare emergency over wildly unusual dengue outbreak (Washington Post)
• Critical role of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in preventing mother-to-child transmission (CID)
• Effectiveness of timely hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Ethiopia (CID)
• Congenital TORCH Infections and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (JAMA Pediatrics)
• Infections at birth substantially increase the risk of autism and intellectual disability, study finds (CIDRAP)
• UN Declaration on Pandemic Readiness May Head to General Assembly for Approval (Health Policy Watch)
• Legionnaires' Disease (NYC: Health)
• Dashboard SCREWWORM.Gov (USDA: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
• CDC Activates Emergency Operations Center for New World Screwworm Response (CDC Newroom)
• Ebola dashboard (ebola.fyi)
• EBOLA: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2026 (WHO)
• Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHO: Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC:Ebola)
• Wastewater for measles (WasterWater Scan)
• Measles cases and outbreaks (CDC Rubeola)
• Big outbreak, bright lights…Measles Dashboard (South Carolina Department of Public Health)
• Utah measles outbreak response (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Utah Measles Dashboard (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Measles (VDH: Virginia Department of Health)
• Tracking Measles Cases in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins)
• HAP's Latest News Pa. Launches New Measles Dashboard (Hospital + HealthSystem Association of Pennsylvania)
• Measles (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Weekly measles and rubella monitoring (Government of Canada)
• Measles (WHO)
• Get the FACTS about measles (NY State Department of Health)
• Measles (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Measles vaccine (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Presumptive evidence of measles immunity (CDC)
• Contraindications and precautions to measles vaccination (CDC)
• Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: evidence bearing on causality (NLM)
• Measles Vaccination: Know the Facts (ISDA: Infectious Diseases Society of America)
• Deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show (Vaccine)
• Measles cases top 900 in Pennsylvania as CDC confirms 2nd death (CIDRAP)
• Pennsylvania Department of Health Confirms Fifth Measles-Associated Death, Provides Statewide Update on Outbreak as Cases Reach 943 in 39 Counties (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Measles and rubella weekly monitoring report (2025) (Government of Canada)
• Projected effects of removing school-entry vaccination requirements on measles transmission in Florida (PNAS)
• Measles Cases and Outbreaks (CDC: Rubeola)
• Laboratory Testing for Measles (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Clinical Diagnosis Fact Sheet (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Serology Testing (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Influenza: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Respiratory virus activity levels (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Flu vaccine recommendations: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee March 12, 2026 Meeting Announcement (FDA)
• WHO updates all 3 viral strains to be included in fall flu shots (CIDRAP)
• FDA vaccine advisers recommend adding subclade K to fall shots (CIDRAP)
• Weekly surveillance report: cliff notes (CDC FluView)
• OPTION 2: XOFLUZA $50 Cash Pay Option (xofluza)
• Immunogenicity and safety of an MF59-adjuvanted cell-derived higher-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIVc) in adults aged 50 years or older: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial (LANCET: Infectious Diseases)
• RSV: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• Respiratory Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• RSV-Network (CDC Respiratory Syncytial virus Infection)
• Vaccines for Adults (CDC: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV))
• Economic Analysis of Protein Subunit and mRNA RSV Vaccination in Adults aged 50-59 Years (CDC: ACIP)
• RSV Immunization Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season (JAMA)
• Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• COVID-19 deaths (CDC)
• Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel (CDC: Respiratory Illnesses)
• COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC)
• COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain)
• Moderna Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Updated 2026-2027 COVID-19 Vaccines (Moderna)
• Novavax's Partnership Strategy Continues to Deliver with XFG-adapted Nuvaxovid™ Approvals in the U.S., EU and Japan for 2026-2027 Vaccination Season (novavax)
• Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval for XFG-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
• FDA approves new COVID vaccines(CIDRAP)
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) (CDC: Covid)
• The platform trial in COVID-19 priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO): The reactogenicity of nine licensed COVID-19 vaccines delivered in immunocompetent adults (Vaccine)
• Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda)
• EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD)
• Infusion center (Prime Fusions)
• CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC)
• NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH)
• Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool)
• Help your eligible patients access PAXLOVID with the PAXCESS Patient Support Program (Pfizer Pro)
• Understanding Coverage Options (PAXCESS)
• Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society)
• What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC)
• Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID)
• Long COVID hotline (Columbia : Columbia University Irving Medical Center)
• The answers: Long COVID
• Loss of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in striatum of long COVID and relationship to neuropsychiatric symptoms (eBioMedicine)
• Reaching out to US house representative
• Letters read on TWiV 1362
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

TWiV explains discovery of a previously unknown mechanism of RNA-guided DNA recognition for genetic control that possibly predates the emergence of CRISPR pathways, and the possibility that Alzheimer's Disease neuropathology evolved as a host defense response to microbial infection in the brain.

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• Support science education at MicrobeTV
• Bob Tesh dies (Galv News)
• Comment on propsed changes to NIH peer review (NIH)
• NIH peer review proposed changes (Forbes)
• Ancient RNA guided DNA recognition (Science)
• Noncontiguous geometric triplex (Science)
• p-tau has anti-herpes virus activity (Nat Neurosci)
• Letters read on TWiV 1361
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Brianne – APoD September 14: Origins of Elements Alan – Redshirts, by John Scalzi Vincent – Prone to Bruise by David Molesky he's at Spring/Break till 9/28

Anne – Nikon Small World in Motion Competition

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your virology questions and comments to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Daniel Griffin and Vincent Racaniello frustration continues over the increasing number of measles infections, Kennedy's undermining of vaccines, perpetuation of autism- vaccine, autism-tylenol myths, an outbreak of hepatitis A virus in the US, the Ebola outbreak in Uganda, changes in reporting of virus infection and vaccine recommendations, Legionnaires disease and screw worm cases, and before Dr. Griffin deep dives into recent statistics RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 infections, economics of a measles outbreak in Chicago, what defines reactogenicity of the mRNA COVID vaccines, the on-going delay by HHS of COVID shots for children, neuropsychiatric symptoms of long COVID and contacting your federal government representative to stop the assault on science and biomedical research.

Become a patron of TWiV!

• CDC adds 177 cases to US measles total but has yet to confirm deaths in Pennsylvania (CIDRAP)
• Kennedy questions vaccine safety at Children's Health Defense event (CIDRAP)
• Trump says some routine immunizations will be split into five separate shots. Vaccine experts say it won't work (CNN)
• Multistate Hepatitis A Outbreak Potentially Linked to Frozen Clams (CDC: Hepatitis A)
• Cumulative Incidence and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (JAMA Pediatrics)
• Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder (CDC: Autism Spectrum Disorder)
• Study uncovers no evidence of autism epidemic, despite claims (CIDRAP)
• Florida confirms a death from dengue as the state struggles with one of its worst recent outbreaks (AP News)
• Legionnaires' Disease (NYC: Health)
• Dashboard SCREWWORM.Gov (USDA: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
• CDC Activates Emergency Operations Center for New World Screwworm Response (CDC Newroom)
• Democratic Republic of Congo (AP News)
• Ebola virus (AP News)
• Congo begins Ebola vaccinations for health workers in the epicenter of the outbreak (AP News)
• Ebola dashboard (ebola.fyi)
• EBOLA: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2026 (WHO)
• Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak Democratic Republic of the Congo(WHO: Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC:Ebola)
• Wastewater for measles (WasterWater Scan)
• Measles cases and outbreaks (CDC Rubeola)
• Big outbreak, bright lights…Measles Dashboard (South Carolina Department of Public Health)
• Utah measles outbreak response (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Utah Measles Dashboard (Utah Department of Health and Human Services)
• Measles (VDH: Virginia Department of Health)
• Tracking Measles Cases in the U.S. (Johns Hopkins)
• HAP's Latest News Pa. Launches New Measles Dashboard (Hospital + HealthSystem Association of Pennsylvania)
• Measles (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
• Measles vaccine recommendations from NYP (jpg)
• Weekly measles and rubella monitoring (Government of Canada)
• Measles (WHO)
• Get the FACTS about measles (NY State Department of Health)
• Measles (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Measles vaccine (CDC Measles (Rubeola))
• Presumptive evidence of measles immunity (CDC)
• Contraindications and precautions to measles vaccination (CDC)
• Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: evidence bearing on causality (NLM)
• Measles Vaccination: Know the Facts (ISDA: Infectious Diseases Society of America)
• Deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show (Vaccine)
• Pennsylvania asks CDC for emergency assistance amid RFK Jr. clash over measles(The Hill)
• Pennsylvania measles-associated deaths climb to four as outbreak grows (Reuters)
• Pennsylvania asks for CDC measles help amid Kennedy dispute (Reuters)
• Republican senator faults Trump vaccine policy for US measles deaths as panel weighs health nominees (Reuters)
• US CDC works on standard definition for measles deaths as cases rise (Reuters)
• Cost of a Measles Outbreak in an Urban Shelter (JAMA Open Network)
• Measles outbreak in Chicago shelter cost nearly $9 million, CDC estimates (CIDRAP)
• World's most contagious virus hits major US airport as officials warn of possible exposure (FoxNews)
• Measles Cases and Outbreaks (CDC: Rubeola)
• Laboratory Testing for Measles (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Clinical Diagnosis Fact Sheet (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Measles Serology Testing (CDC: Measles (Rubeola)
• Influenza: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Respiratory virus activity levels (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• Flu vaccine recommendations: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee March 12, 2026 Meeting Announcement (FDA)
• WHO updates all 3 viral strains to be included in fall flu shots(CIDRAP)
• FDA vaccine advisers recommend adding subclade K to fall shots(CIDRAP)
• Weekly surveillance report: cliff notes (CDC FluView)
• OPTION 2: XOFLUZA $50 Cash Pay Option (xofluza)
• Immunogenicity and safety of an MF59-adjuvanted cell-derived higher-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIVc) in adults aged 50 years or older: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial (LANCET: Infectious Diseases)
• RSV: Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• Respiratory Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
• US respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses)
• RSV-Network (CDC Respiratory Syncytial virus Infection)
• Vaccines for Adults (CDC: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV))
• Economic Analysis of Protein Subunit and mRNA RSV Vaccination in Adults aged 50-59 Years (CDC: ACIP)
• RSV Immunization Effectiveness and Safety for the 2026-2027 Respiratory Season (JAMA)
• Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan)
• COVID-19 deaths (CDC)
• Respiratory Illnesses Data Channel (CDC: Respiratory Illnesses)
• COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC)
• COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC)
• SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain)
• Moderna Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Updated 2026-2027 COVID-19 Vaccines (Moderna)
• Novavax's Partnership Strategy Continues to Deliver with XFG-adapted Nuvaxovid™ Approvals in the U.S., EU and Japan for 2026-2027 Vaccination Season (novavax)
• Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval for XFG-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
• FDA approves new COVID vaccines (CIDRAP)
• Baseline interferon signaling in monocytes and antibody-mediated innate activation are associated with reactogenicity to mRNA vaccines (Science Translational Medicine)
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)(CDC: Covid)
• CDC inaction delays COVID shots for low-income children (CIDRAP)
• Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda)
• EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD)
• Infusion center (Prime Fusions)
• CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC)
• NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH)
• Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool)
• Help your eligible patients access PAXLOVID with the PAXCESS Patient Support Program (Pfizer Pro)
• Understanding Coverage Options (PAXCESS)
• Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society)
• Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV)
• Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society)
• What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC)
• Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC)
• Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org)
• Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID)
• Long COVID hotline (Columbia : Columbia University Irving Medical Center)
• The answers: Long COVID
• Loss of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in striatum of long COVID and relationship to neuropsychiatric symptoms (eBioMedicine)
• Reaching out to US house representative
• Letters read on TWiV 1360
• Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf)
• Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks!

Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees

Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to [email protected]

Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.