Most of us sing "Happy Birthday" without knowing the two sisters who created it in a Louisville classroom. We've heard of Johnny Appleseed, but the real story reveals a successful businessman, not a barefoot wanderer. And the Statue of Liberty's pedestal was paid for by America's first crowdfunding campaign—ordinary people donating pennies to save Lady Liberty from going to Baltimore instead of New York.

This week on Hometown History, we're taking a break from mysteries and tragedies to celebrate three wholesome stories from America's past. In 1893, kindergarten teacher Patty Hill and her musician sister Mildred wrote "Good Morning to All" to brighten their students' day. Across the frontier, John Chapman planted systematic apple orchards from Pennsylvania to Illinois, building a legacy that still feeds America. And in 1885, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer launched a campaign that raised $100,000 from small donors—mostly children—to complete the statue's pedestal.

These forgotten acts of kindness, creativity, and generosity reveal the quieter parts of American history. From Louisville classrooms to New York Harbor, these stories prove that our past isn't all darkness—sometimes it's worth looking back just to appreciate what came before.

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Episode Overview

This anthology episode celebrates three overlooked positive moments in American history: the classroom song that became "Happy Birthday," the businessman behind the Johnny Appleseed legend, and America's first crowdfunding campaign to save the Statue of Liberty's pedestal.

Story 1: The Hill Sisters and "Happy Birthday"

Location: Louisville, Kentucky

Year: 1893

Key Figures:

• Patty Smith Hill - Kindergarten teacher, early childhood education pioneer
• Mildred J. Hill - Musician, composer, cultural observer

Timeline:

• 1893: Sisters create "Good Morning to All" for Patty's kindergarten students
• Unknown date (local legend): Song spontaneously adapted to birthday version at Little Loom House party
• Late 1800s-early 1900s: Birthday version spreads organically across America
• Present day: "Happy Birthday Circle" fundraising for public tribute in Louisville

The Story: What began as a simple morning greeting for young students became the world's most-sung song. The Hill sisters' contributions to education and American music are often forgotten, despite Mildred's role in documenting early blues and jazz influences from Black street vendors, and Patty's pioneering work in child-centered learning environments.

Legacy: Louisville's Happy Birthday Circle is raising funds to build a waterfront park honoring the sisters' contributions to American culture and education.

Story 2: Johnny Appleseed - The Real John Chapman

Location: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Ontario (frontier territories)

Years: 1774-1845 (active planting: 1790s-1840s)

Key Figure:

• John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed) - Nurseryman, businessman, missionary, conservationist

Timeline:

• 1774: Born in Massachusetts
• 1790s: Began planting apple nurseries in Pennsylvania
• 1800-1845: Expanded systematic nursery network across Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
• Accumulated approximately 1,200 acres across three states
• Present day: Apple Inc. honors his legacy with "John Appleseed" default placeholder name

The Story: Contrary to folklore depicting a random seed-scatterer, John Chapman was a methodical businessman who selected ideal locations, planted protected nurseries, arranged local caretakers for shares of income, and made regular return visits for pruning and maintenance. His systematic approach introduced apple orchards to previously unsettled frontier regions, establishing stable food supplies crucial for settler survival.

The Man: Historian Paul Aaron notes Chapman wore simple clothing by choice (not necessity), accumulated substantial land holdings, and combined conservation practices with missionary work for the Swedenborgian Church. His kindness was legendary—trading saplings for meals or clothing, walking barefoot year-round, befriending humans and animals alike.

Modern Connection: Apple Inc.'s use of "John Appleseed" as a default demo name pays subtle tribute to the nurseryman who planted hope across America.

Story 3: The Statue of Liberty's Crowdfunding Campaign

Location: New York City, New York

Years: 1865-1886 (concept to dedication)

Key Figures:

• Édouard de Laboulaye - French historian and abolitionist (conceived statue idea, 1865)
• Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi - French sculptor (designed statue)
• Joseph Pulitzer - Newspaper publisher, The New York World (led crowdfunding campaign, 1885)

Timeline:

• 1865: Laboulaye suggests monument to mark US independence centennial
• June 17, 1885: French ship Isère arrives with 200+ crates of statue components
• 1885 (early): Fundraising stalls; Baltimore and Boston offer to take statue
• 1885 (spring): Pulitzer launches crowdfunding campaign in The New York World
• August 1885: Campaign raises $100,000+ (equivalent to roughly $3 million today)
• Pedestal completion: Late 1885
• October 28, 1886: Statue dedication ceremony

The Challenge: France gifted the statue itself, but America needed to fund the $250,000 granite pedestal (approximately $80 million in today's dollars). With no public funding agreement and major cities competing for the statue, New York faced losing this iconic symbol.

The Solution: Pulitzer turned fundraising into a community story, publishing donor names and stories regardless of amount. Most donations were less than $1, primarily from children. Contributors ranged from Jersey City families gathering spare change to Buffalo's mayor donating his entire annual salary. The campaign demonstrated that collective small contributions could achieve monumental results.

Legacy: America's first major crowdfunding campaign not only saved the Statue of Liberty's New York placement but pioneered a model of grassroots fundraising that modern platforms like Kickstarter and GoFundMe still use today.

Sources & Further Reading

1. Happy Birthday Circle - Louisville waterfront park campaign for Hill sisters recognition
2. Paul Aaron (historian) - Research on John Chapman's business practices and land holdings
3. Historical accounts of 1885 Statue of Liberty crowdfunding campaign in The New York World
4. Kentucky historical society records - Hill sisters' educational contributions
5. American frontier settlement records - Apple orchard establishment in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
6. Statue of Liberty National Monument archives - Pedestal construction and funding
7. Early childhood education history - Patty Hill's kindergarten innovations
8. Mildred Hill's documentation of early American blues and jazz influences
9. Swedenborgian Church records - John Chapman's missionary activities
10. Joseph Pulitzer biography - Newspaper campaigns and civic journalism

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