In this episode, Erica explores how clinical reasoning informs decision-making across diverse areas of physical therapy practice. This is a clinical pearls discussion that will save you lots of time in the clinic.

From CKC to OKC brain mapping in an MMA fighter to exercise progression in ACL rehabilitation to thoracic dysfunction in a post partum runner experiencing hip pain and incontinence, she highlights key clinical reasoning strategies that guide effective treatment and exercise progression.

For example, if your patient has a bracing strategy in their lumbar spine where they always "grip" their back when they sit, stand and even go supine, how would you prescribe exercise to "take out" that strategy to give them more options for movement? Many people do this in our "sit up straight" culture. This will make a huge difference in your practice!

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Website

• Susan's Website

How long should you keep treating a patient? And what's the best approach when they're skipping their home exercise program? In this listener Q&A episode, Erica shares practical strategies—illustrated through two real patient cases, one a golfer and the other a cyclist—for answering the tough question of treatment length and for addressing non-compliance.

She highlights how building a strong therapeutic relationship can improve follow-through and make these conversations more productive. Erica also highlights the most important phases of an exercise program to ensure efficiency and compliance.

To close, Erica offers a brief update from her doctoral research on menopause, focusing on the role of muscle power in older women and why it may be a more critical predictor of function than strength alone.

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Website

• Susan's Website

In this episode, Erica dives into a fascinating case of a patient experiencing neck pain and how that seemingly isolated symptom actually traced back to an old foot injury. This case exemplifies the deep, interconnected nature of the human body. For those you have been listening for a while, this should not surprise you.

She unpacks the biomechanical and neural links between the foot and cervical spine, exploring how altered load distribution and compensatory patterns can persist long after the original injury appears to have healed.

A key focus of the discussion is the role of the center of mass—how shifts in its control can influence motor strategy and postural control, ultimately impacting regions far from the original site of injury.

Erica also covers exercise options, including progressions that integrate both the foot and cervical spine. How to adapt your treatment when load transfer is compromised is a key factor in this patient's outcome.

This episode is a reminder that in rehab, it's rarely just about the joint that hurts—it's about the whole system that moves around it.

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Website

• Susan's Website

In this episode, Erica talks about how to approach care when a patient has a long history of injuries and a body chart that seems to be "lit up" everywhere. It can feel overwhelming—for both the patient and the clinician.

She focuses on the importance of prioritization: identifying what's most clinically relevant right now. This involves connecting the dots to perhaps an old injury to what the current problem is.

In this particular case, frequent bilateral ankle sprains, an ACL reconstruction plus a continued pattern of bilateral issues help you nail down your focus to what is important for you to assess and what is important for the patient to feel.

These patterns not only shape your clinical focus—helping you decide what truly needs assessment—but also give the patient a clearer sense of what their body is trying to communicate. What is relevant to you may not be important to them. It's up to you to explain to them why.

Key takeaways include:

· Avoiding the trap of chasing every symptom.

· Establishing a hierarchy of concerns using patient input and objective findings.

· Acknowledging the complexity of the history without letting it dictate the entire plan.

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Website

• Susan's Website

This episode dives into some of the evidence on resistance vs. high-velocity power training in postmenopausal women and its impact on bone mineral density (BMD). Research is highlighted showing that high-speed training protocols may stimulate bone more effectively than traditional resistance training by increasing strain rates and promoting osteogenic adaptation. You'll learn how moving with speed and control helps strengthen bones and prevents age-related decline better than slow, heavy lifting alone.

Some of Erica's research for her doctoral dissertation is discussed and she then presents a case study of a menopausal patient with insidious-onset shoulder pain and offers some clinical pearls as to why, especially in anyone who has played a racquet sport, the shoulder is not the only driver. She also highlights a few targeted interventions that allowed this woman to weight lift and strengthen her shoulder without feeding into her symptoms.

The content contained therein, including text, images, audio, or other formats, were created for informational purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Website

• Susan's Website

In this episode, Erica dives into the latest research exploring how menopause affects physical performance in women—highlighting changes in power and strength. These findings are reshaping how we approach exercise and rehab in midlife women.

Next, she shares an update on her dissertation, which compares premenopausal and postmenopausal women on key physical performance metrics. Erica discusses early patterns emerging from the data, including potential implications for exercise training and rehab prescription.

She wraps up with a clinical case involving a woman in menopause experiencing persistent neck and shoulder pain, along with difficulty breathing. She breaks down the history along with a few clinical pearls outlining how past injuries have and continue to contribute to this woman's issues. Erica also breaks down her exercise program, discussing the do's and don'ts of exercise progression.

Hormonal changes can contribute to musculoskeletal tension and diaphragmatic dysfunction- we know this. But do we really educate our patients on this? Many do not. Whether you're a clinician, researcher, or someone navigating midlife changes, this episode offers insight, evidence, and strategies for supporting well-being during menopause.

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website
• Erica' Website
• Susan's Website

In this episode, we answer the most common questions we get from listeners. We dive into course recommendations, highlighting resources for continuing education, mentoring and evidence-based practices.

A key focus is on clinical reasoning strategies—how to approach complex cases and integrate patient-specific factors into your decision-making. We also discuss the value of spending the majority of your first session taking the patient's story.

Your patients will make you a better physical therapist, if you listen to them. Be curious and let it lead you towards mastery.

A glance at this episode:

• [2:27] Courses and Continuous Learning

• [12:11] Starting the Podcast and Building a Community

• [13:17] Mentorship and Clinical Reasoning

• [19:10] Treatment Sessions and Client Engagement

• [22:56] The Role of Patients in Clinical Learning

• [26:41] Reflecting on the Year and Planning for the Future

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Course: Decoding the Complex Patient

• Susan's Pelvic Health Education Subscription

• Access the Transcript

Clients self-refer for many reasons and we find ourselves on the front line of health care screening. Join Susan and Erica as they uncover key elements in a client's history and narrative around long-standing shoulder pain. Simplistic presentations usually mask true underlying considerations including the client's beliefs and red flags.

A glance at this episode:

• [1:41] Client's Initial Presentation and History

• [4:07] Exploring Past Injuries and Chronic Bike Riding

• [6:56] Impact of Corporate Life and Breast Cancer on Health

• [13:08] Concerns About Bone Health and DEXA Scan

• [15:21] Addressing Left Shoulder Pain and Movement Dysfunction

• [17:51] Implementing Modified Exercises and Pilates

• [39:28] Discussing the Power of the Narrative and Patient Advocacy

• [40:13] Connecting Patient Goals to Treatment Outcomes

• [45:17] Final Thoughts and Episode Closing

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Course: Decoding the Complex Patient

• Susan's Pelvic Health Education Subscription

• Access the Transcript

Clients self-refer for many reasons and we find ourselves on the front line of health care screening. Join Susan and Erica as they uncover key elements in a client's history and narrative around long-standing shoulder pain. Simplistic presentations usually mask true underlying considerations including the client's beliefs and red flags.

A glance at this episode:

• [1:41] Client's Initial Presentation and History

• [4:07] Exploring Past Injuries and Chronic Bike Riding

• [6:56] Impact of Corporate Life and Breast Cancer on Health

• [13:08] Concerns About Bone Health and DEXA Scan

• [15:21] Addressing Left Shoulder Pain and Movement Dysfunction

• [17:51] Implementing Modified Exercises and Pilates

• [39:28] Discussing the Power of the Narrative and Patient Advocacy

• [40:13] Connecting Patient Goals to Treatment Outcomes

• [45:17] Final Thoughts and Episode Closing

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica’s Course: Decoding the Complex Patient

• Susan’s Pelvic Health Education Subscription

• Access the Transcript

In this episode, we explore the surprising journey of a boxer battling chronic shoulder pain that left him struggling to do even the most basic workout. Despite focusing on his shoulder, it turns out the root of his problem lay elsewhere—his elbow. Is that surprising? It was in his injury history. Do not discount the power of an old injury that could come back and haunt you. And think about the load on the elbow when you're doing a push or pull-up. Join us as we clinically reason through this interesting case from start to finish.

A glance at this episode:

• [0:01] Introduction and Patient Background

• [7:03] Initial Assessment and Observations

• [11:56] Exploring the Root Causes

• [14:12] Addressing the Pull-Up Challenge

• [32:06] Implementing Exercise Program

• [36:32] Final Thoughts and Key Takeaways

Related links:

• Tough To Treat Website

• Erica's Course: Decoding the Complex Patient

• Susan's Pelvic Health Education Subscription

• Access the Transcript