While I typically focus on food and your health, pressing medical updates demand attention. Today, we’re tackling two critical topics: the latest on bird flu (avian influenza) and the rise in seasonal respiratory illnesses, including flu and COVID-19.

With public communication from federal agencies temporarily paused, it’s vital to stay informed. Here’s a comprehensive overview of what’s happening, what it means for you, and how to protect yourself and those around you.

As of January 24th, 2025, respiratory illnesses are driving more people to seek healthcare. Here’s what we’re seeing:

• Seasonal flu: Elevated and rising in some areas.
• COVID-19: Most regions report a decline in cases.
• RSV: Also trending downward.

Locally, we’re seeing these same trends, with flu activity increasing significantly.

Since 1997, HPAI A(H5N1) virus infections have been reported in over 925 people, with an alarming 50% case fatality rate. Early outbreaks included 20 cases and 7 deaths in Hong Kong between 1997 and 2003, and since November 2003, more than 900 cases across 24 countries have been documented (CDC).

HPAI A(H5N1) infections can range from mild to severe, including:

• Mild symptoms: Upper respiratory tract issues like a runny nose or sore throat.
• Severe symptoms: Pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure.
• Neurological impact: Some cases report encephalitis, a dangerous brain inflammation.

Since 2016, sporadic cases have been reported globally, and while rare, they highlight the virus’s ability to persist.

A recent case in Louisiana reminds us of the risks associated with bird flu. A man died after handling wild birds infected with HPAI A(H5N1). This tragic event underscores how deadly the virus can be in humans.

• HPAI A(H5N6): Over 90 cases have been reported in China since 2014, with one additional case in Laos in 2021. This strain has a case fatality rate exceeding 50% (WHO).
• HPAI A(H5N8): Russia reported the first asymptomatic human case in a poultry worker in 2020 (CDC).

Hospitals now test anyone hospitalized with severe flu symptoms for bird flu. Public health officials use several tools to monitor these trends:

• Wastewater surveillance
• Emergency department visit data
• Lab-confirmed cases

These measures provide early warnings of emerging threats, helping to guide public health responses.

• Stay away from wild birds, sick or dead poultry, and areas with known outbreaks.
• Don’t handle birds without proper precautions.

For those working with poultry or wild birds, personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential. Gloves, masks, and eye protection significantly reduce exposure risks.

If exposed to infected birds, antiviral medications like oseltamivir can lower your risk. These treatments are most effective when started within 48 hours of exposure and continued for 7 days.

The FDA-approved vaccine Audenz offers protection against H5N1 for high-risk groups (FDA).

Vaccines don’t guarantee you won’t contract the virus, but they do prepare your immune system to fight it more effectively. This reduces the risk of severe illness and protects vulnerable populations, including:

• Elderly individuals.
• People undergoing chemotherapy.
• Young children.

Vaccination also lowers your viral load, reducing the likelihood of spreading the virus to others.

Good nutrition strengthens your immune system, making you more resilient against respiratory illnesses:

• Vitamin C: Found in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons, it supports white blood cell function.
• Antioxidants: Spinach and broccoli are packed with immune-boosting nutrients.
• Vitamin D: Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, trout), fortified foods, and plant-based alternatives like Costco Oat Milk help maintain adequate levels.

Bird flu continues to evolve, spreading to new bird populations and occasionally infecting mammals. While the overall risk of human transmission remains low, these developments remind us of the importance of:

• Early detection through testing and monitoring.
• Preventive measures to reduce exposure.
• Prompt treatment when needed.

Bird flu and seasonal respiratory illnesses remind us of the importance of vigilance and proactive health measures. With flu season in full swing, now is the time to take action—get vaccinated, improve air quality, and support your immune system through nutrition.

For more detailed updates, listen to my Fork U podcast, where I share in-depth insights on bird flu and other health concerns. You can also find weekly updates on my TikTok and Instagram (@drterrysimpson).

As always, I remain yours in health,

Dr. Terry Simpson

References:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Avian Influenza Updates
2. World Health Organization (WHO): Avian Influenza
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Audenz Vaccine