Kia ora,

Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

And today we lead with news away from the guns and hatred consuming the US at present. Our challenge is to keep it out of our society.

Markets had been waiting for the American August CPI inflation data and it came in higher, although no more than expected. It rose to 2.9% in August, the highest since January, after holding at 2.7% in both June and July. Prices rose at a faster pace for food (3.2%) and energy costs rose for the first time in seven months. On a monthly basis, the CPI went up 0.4%, the most since January, above forecasts of 0.3%. Rents rose 0.4%, the largest upward pressure. On the other hand, core inflation remained steady at 3.1%, the same as in July and at February’s peak, while core CPI rose 0.3% month-on-month, matching July’s pace and market forecasts.

In a stable world, this level of inflation would not bring market expectations of a Fed rate cut next week, but there are widespread expectations of one anyway. And that is because their labour market is weakening quite fast now.

Initial jobless claims in the US came in sharply higher last week at +263,000 s.a. a four year high and well above the expected high 235,000. In actual terms they rose +204,500 when a solid end-of-summer-holiday seasonal decrease was expected. There are now 1,815,000 on these benefits, +110,000 more that at the same time last year.

Also getting much worse much faster is the US Federal government finances. The US Budget Statement was expected to hold at a very high -US$290 bln monthly deficit, but it has blown out to -US$345 bln in August. And this is after collecting US$30 bln in tariff-taxes in the month, US$165 bln so far in the fiscal year.

Whatever way you look at it, the US economy is being mismanaged on a massive scale. Too much inflation, too little job creation, too large tax avoidance by the uber-wealthy, and self-imposed tariff-taxes on themselves. And unfortunately their social programs are making things worse at a fundamental level too.

New independent analysis shows that the long-held view that American demographics would remain very positive to the end of the century have suddenly turned. Now US deaths will exceed births by 2031, far faster than expected. And the deaths will rise quicker until 2055 when they will match immigration. And these estimates are before the Kennedy/Trump health mistakes which will undoubtedly speed up deaths. And the Trump heavy-handed immigration crackdowns that will likely mean the immigration assumptions are far too optimistic. If demographics are destiny, the destiny of the US looks grim and we can no longer hold the assumption that it will be a major power by 2100. That is a sharp change from the demographic outlook just a few years ago.

New data out in Canada shows Canadians are wealthier with an increase of over a quarter of a trillion dollars to C$17.9 tln, the seventh consecutive quarterly increase. This wealth accumulation happened despite headwinds of global trade pressures and a weakening economy. Per capita GDP is now C$76,100 (NZ$92,100).

Across the Pacific in Japan’s producer prices there rose +2.7% in the year to August, up from a marginally revised +2.5% increase in the previous month. This data doesn't really add stress or new factors for Japan. A year earlier their PPI rose at a 2.6% rate.

In China, new vehicle sales recovered in August, up +10.1% after the unexpected -10.7% fall in July. Total vehicle sales are expected to grow +4.7% in 2025 to almost 33 mln units from 31.4 mln in 2024, with the NEV sector surging +24% to 16 mln units. That will keep it almost twice the size of the US vehicle market. China's car market is a global goliath. (The US vehicle market is running at 16.1% mln annual sales, a dip in August from July.)

In Europe, the European Central Bank kept its three key interest rates unchanged, with the deposit facility at 2.00%, the main refinancing rate at 2.15%, and the marginal lending rate at 2.40%, all as expected. Inflation remains close to the 2% medium-term target, and the outlook is broadly unchanged from June. New staff projections see headline inflation averaging 2.1% in 2025, easing to 1.7% in 2026 before rising slightly to 1.9% in 2027.

Occasionally we check in with what is happening in Turkey, an authoritarian regime that has made massive mistakes with capricious monetary policy moves, and is paying the price with tough consequences. The Central Bank of Turkey cut its benchmark interest rate overnight by a surprisingly large -250 bps to 40.5% in its September meeting, its lowest since 2023. The move follows signs of slowing underlying inflation in August, though food and services prices continue to pressure inflation. Domestic demand remains weak.

In Australia, consumer inflation expectations rose to 4.7% in the September survey by the Melbourne Institute, from August’s five-month low of 3.9%. The increase came as stronger domestic demand raised concerns about renewed inflationary pressures, with household consumption proving resilient in Q2-2025. This is the sort of news the RBA will not welcome. No rate cut is priced in for September 30 but one is for November 4, although that might get reassessed now.

Global container freight rates fell -3% last week from the prior week on very much weaker outbound rates from China to Europe. Interestingly, outbound rates from China to the USWC actually rose last week by +6%. (Year-on-year comparisons are still affected by last year's Red Sea stress.) Bulk freight rates roise +8% over the past week to be +8.5% higher than year ago levels.

The UST 10yr yield is now on 4.00%, down -3 bps from yesterday at this time.

The price of gold will start today at US$3,635/oz, down -US$10 from yesterday.

American oil prices are down -US$1 at just over US$62.50/bbl with the international Brent price is similarly lower at just on US$66.50/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar is now at just over 59.7 USc and up another +20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 89.7 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 50.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.8, unchanged from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$114,552 and up +0.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low, at just over +/- 0.6%.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.