The parade goes on to include a Roman, two-wheeled, victory chariot between the four animals. It's a brilliant moment, a chariot better than even famous Roman conquerors got, pulled by a griffin, a legendary two-natured creature . . . yet with a curious moment of emptiness right in all of the victory.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we continue deeper into the allegory of the parade of revelation at the top of Mount Purgatory.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:32] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 106 - 120. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation about this passage with me, please find its entry on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[03:13] The changing nature of allegory at the top of Mount Purgatory.

[09:38] The poetics of the passage: extreme concision and more of Guido Cavalcanti's pastoral poetry.

[13:26] Roman military history in the passage: Scipio the Younger and Caesar Augustus.

[17:41] Roman (or Ovidian) mythology in the passage: Phaëthon and the sun's chariot.

[21:39] The griffin: ancient, medieval, and allegorical (but of what?).

[27:20] The great aporia: the chariot is empty!

[28:51] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 106 - 120.

The parade goes on, now that the pilgrim, Dante, is in a good spot to see it.

After the twenty-four lords in white come four animals with green fronds as crowns. They are like the Cherubim in both the prophecies of Ezekiel and in the Apocalypse of St. John (or the book of Revelation).

Except not really. Or sort of. Well, the poet doesn't have time to explain. Go read the text yourself. And especially the one that doesn't quite agree with what I saw.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we find Dante's irony alive and well, even during the grand parade of divine revelation.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:20] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, Lines 88 - 105. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[02:56] The naturalistic, lush landscape à la Guido Cavalcanti's pastoral poem.

[04:49] The constellations, Argus, and the peacock.

[06:35] The four "animals" from Ezekiel and the Apocalypse of St. John (or the New Testament book of Revelation).

[09:19] Allegorical interpretations of the four animals.

[11:19] "Unmoored" allegories in COMEDY: here and with the three beasts in INFERNO, Canto I.

[14:02] Dante, the Biblical text, and questions of its inerrancy.

[16:25] The direct address tot he reader, perhaps a wild bit of Dantean irony even here in the divine parade.

[21:34] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 88 - 105.

The parade goes on! Our pilgrim, Dante, turns back from Virgil's amazement and finds more of the parade coming toward him . . . at least, he does so after he's reprimanded by the lady who stands across Lethe.

In this passage, the poet's craft heightens to reveal gorgeous poetry that comes from the apocalyptic tradition but far exceeds its beauty with both the Easter eggs Dante puts in the text and the ways the poetry itself enhances the wonder of the parade at hand.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we work through our second passage on the parade of revelation in the Garden of Eden at the top of Mount Purgatory.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:19] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 58 - 87. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this podcast episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[04:09] The tradition of apocalyptic literature and Dante's use of it.

[08:44] Biblical references in this part of the apocalyptic parade.

[13:54] Contemporary cultural references in the parade.

[16:01] Surprises: Dante's changes to Biblical imagery, his Easter eggs to his own text, and his idiosyncratic word choices.

[20:07] Possible allegorical interpretations for the twenty-four lords (or elders) and the distance of ten paces between the lights.

[25:20] The poetry of the parade: colorful brushwork and gorgeous (if incomplete) reflections in Lethe.

[28:43] More on emergent revelation.

[31:47] Rereading PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 58 - 87.

As the pilgrim, his poets, and the beautiful lady continue to stand beside Lethe, they see the approaching parade of the apocalypse, which is an example of emergent revelation, the truth coming in slowly and even deceptively.

Our poet has set up a poetic space that leaves even Virgil speechless as we witness the first of the parade of multiple, open-ended meanings proliferate in the Garden of Eden.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we catch our first glimpse of Dante's answer to St. John's Apocalypse.

If you'd like to help underwrite the many fees associated with this podcast, please consider a one-time donation or a very small monthly stipend, using this PayPal link right here.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:16] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, Lines 31 - 57. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[04:00] The emergent revelation of the images and sounds.

[09:00] The process of perception (and understanding).

[14:12] Multiplying meanings in the apocalyptic parade.

[20:27] The creation of space for the poetic imagery.

[23:11] The second invocation of PURGATORIO.

[26:50] The questions of poetic craft in this vision.

[28:23] Virgil in the apocalypse.

[31:10] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 31 - 57.

Our pilgrim, Dante, and the beautiful lady across Lethe walk on for a bit before the stream bends and the pilgrim ends up facing the right way to see the first flash of light that will signal the great apocalyptic parade in Eden.

The opening of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, brings us back to the pastoral world of Guido Cavalcanti's poem before launching us into allegory, theology, morality, and even misogyny.

If you'd like to help underwrite the many fees for this podcast, please consider a one-time donation or a small monthly stipend using this PayPal link right here.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we find ourselves at the front of the great parade in Eden.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:27] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, Lines 1 - 30. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation by dropping a comment, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[04:07] An introduction to PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX.

[06:59] The only canto in COMEDY that begins with a derivative of the word "canto."

[08:24] More references to Guido Calvalcanti's pastoral poem.

[11:44] A psalm retrofitted to become a beatitude, moving us from the classical world to divine revelation.

[14:31] The symbolism (and allegory?) of their paces and the stream's bend.

[18:00] Sight and hearing as the basis but not nearly enough, as with Guido Cavalcanti's poem.

[19:02] The lady's reaction ("brother") and the pilgrim's reaction (a lack of fear).

[21:45] The misogyny from the initial flash of light.

[28:59] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXIX, lines 1 - 30.

The beautiful lady winds up her discourse with a corollary that combines both revelation and reason to offer a fulcrum to COMEDY as a whole: The classical world dreamed of Eden.

Redemption is a cul-de-sac, returning us to our primal state while also offering us a way to remain readers of the classical world's poetry.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we explore the end of the lady's discourse, the longest speech by a woman yet in COMEDY.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:15] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 134 - 148. If you'd like to read along or drop a comment on this episode to continue the conversation, please find the entry for this episode on my website: markscarbrough.com.

[02:55] Revelation and reason as coequals in scholastic theology.

[06:52] The Golden Age and the Garden of Eden as overlapping spaces and the cul-de-sac of revelation.

[09:14] The pilgrim (and indeed, the poem) in the cul-de-sac with the classical poets on one side and the beautiful lady on the other.

[12:27] The longest speech by a woman yet in COMEDY.

[16:57] Rereading this passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 134 - 148.

The lady across the stream continues her answer to the pilgrim Dante's question about the breeze and the water. In this case, she explains the ecology of Eden, offers an understanding of global botany, and finally layers the meaning thick over the rivers of Eden, one of which is the poet's utter invention.

The landscape itself is becoming allegorical, moral, theological, even anagogical, all while remaining true to its pastoral form (and roots).

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we delve deeper into the lady's capacious answers and the poet's ever-widening imagination.

If you'd like the help defray the many costs and fees associated with this website, please consider a one-time donation or a small monthly stipend through this PayPal link right here.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:31] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 109 - 133. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[04:09] The botany of both Eden and our own world.

[07:28] The ecology of Eden: abundance.

[11:05] The hydrology of Eden.

[14:03] The strange placement of Lethe in Dante's afterlife.

[17:15] The poet's reimagination of Eden, including an unprecedented river.

[20:23] The vertical layering of meaning onto the pastoral form.

[23:09] The inevitable logical faults of an imagined landscape.

[25:48] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 109 - 133.

The lady in Eden says she's come to answer the pilgrim's questions. And he's got one. It just might not be the first question on our minds.

But it's one that reveals the hall of mirrors that the poet has created in COMEDY, in which the poem itself justifies its own fictional if scientific answers to questions that lead the fictional pilgrim (and the very real reader) to a position of faith, based on the imagined landscape.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we work through the first of the lady's speech with our pilgrim (as well as Virgil and Statius) in the Garden of Eden at the top of Mount Purgatory.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:27] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 85 - 108. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me, please find the entry for this episode on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[04:06] The lady's six-line theological explanation for the Garden of Eden and the fall of mankind.

[07:31] The lady's six-line scientific explanation for the breeze on the top of Mount Purgatory.

[11:04] The lady's six-line glimpse of Paradise above.

[12:54] The pilgrim's question of faith is built off the fictional landscape and its "scientific" answers found in the poem itself.

[21:39] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 85 - 108.

The lady in the forest has come to face the pilgrim and his poets across the stream in the forest.

The pilgrim clearly feels a sexual attraction toward her, one that might even make us think of his reactions to Beatrice.

She, however, has other ideas, like answering their many questions. Except in so doing, she raises even more questions than she has time to answer.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we work through this passage in PURGATORIO in which we first learn we're wandering around in the Garden of Eden.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:37] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 67 - 84. If you'd like to read along or continue the conversation with me by dropping a comment on this episode, please find it on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[03:38] Upright and flirty: the many contradictions of the lady in the forest.

[07:04] A rare misstep in COMEDY.

[08:06] A tough tangle of references from Ovid and the Bible: from pride to sexual attraction to (thwarted) redemption.

[15:28] The tenuous connections between the lady's laugh and their doubts, as well as her words and Virgil's presence.

[21:17] Her purpose: to offer answers (but not to remove sexual tension).

[23:39] The Garden of Eden, utterly reimagined by Dante.

[28:23] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 67 - 84.

Our pilgrim, Dante, calls the solitary lady over to him. She can't cross the stream that divides them, but she can dance in place before coming closer to him.

All the while, the poet keeps darkening the poetry around her with threatening references in the pilgrim's mouth--that is, classical examples of profane love that end up in tragic circumstances.

And all this, despite our poet quoting repeatedly from his rival poet's poem.

Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we watch meaning get thicker and thicker at the top of Mount Purgatory.

If you'd like to help support this podcast by underwriting its many fees, please consider a one-time donation or a small monthly stipend, using this PayPal link right here.

Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:

[01:30] My English translation of PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 43 - 66. If you'd like to read along or drop a comment about this episode to continue the conversation, please find its spot on my website, markscarbrough.com.

[03:53] What if wandering is the start of some of the most significant journeys?

[08:22] My interpretive thesis: The solitary lady is the only fully fictional character in COMEDY.

[12:30] The poet Dante is cribbing a pastoral poem by his literary rival, Guido Cavalcanti.

[18:14] Two reasons Dante may have cribbed Cavalcanti's pastoral poem: 1) to assuage Dante's own guilt in Cavalcanti's death or 2) to show the limits of Cavalcanti's (and others') poetry.

[22:59] Two classical exemplars from Ovid--Proserpina and Venus--darken the passage considerably.

[27:48] Rereading the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto XXVIII, lines 43 - 66.