五分钟中文 5 Minute Chinese

中美饮食差异之“吃菜”: “Eating Vegetables” —a Dietary Difference between China and the U.S.


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Hello everyone! In today's episode I talk about a big difference between traditional Chinese and American diets—how and how much vegetables are cooked and eaten. Scripts and useful expressions below.

P1
大家好,欢迎收听。今天这期我想跟大家聊聊中美传统饮食上的差异。第一个就是在吃蔬菜上。

P2
在中国,一顿饭基本上是两菜一汤,加米饭。“两菜”一般就是两个炒菜(stir-fried dish)。可以是荤菜(就是肉菜),也可以是素菜(也就是蔬菜),或者荤素搭配(也就是有肉有菜)。“一汤”就是一份汤。汤也可以是荤的或者是素的。一般来说,中餐以(蔬)“菜”为主。而且,中国人吃饭的时候,所有菜都放在桌子中间,这样每个人都可以够得到。就像美国的family style meal。因为中餐的这种形式,所以每个人每餐都可以吃到各种蔬菜。我感觉中国人吃的蔬菜的种类也比美国人多一些。选择也就多一些。

P3
美国人的饭一般都是一人一份。以蛋白质为主。比如牛肉,鸡肉,鱼,蛋。然后可能搭配沙拉作为配菜(side dish)。不过即使有蔬菜色拉,因为沙拉一般不是主菜,量不大。就算沙拉作为主菜,蔬菜也不一定很多。不过,我觉得吃沙拉好的一点就是沙拉用的蔬菜是新鲜的蔬菜。不像中国人做的菜大多是炒菜或者是其他热加工的蔬菜。毕竟过度烹饪会造成营养的流失。当然了,我这里要说一下,就是美国人也不是只有吃沙拉的时候才吃蔬菜。美国也有各种烤的或者煮的蔬菜。中国人也会吃凉拌的、没有热炒的蔬菜。就是中国的色拉吧!

P4
总体来说,中国人的饮食里蔬菜占的比重会比传统美国饮食里蔬菜占的比重高一些。中国人不太可能一天都吃不到绿叶菜,中餐讲究荤素搭配。不能每个菜全都是鸡鸭鱼肉什么的。但是在美式西餐,你可以早上吃鸡蛋培根(Bacon & eggs),中午吃土豆牛排,晚上吃意大利辣香肠比萨(pepperoni pizza),这样的话就一天都没有吃蔬菜。

P5
今天跟大家聊了聊中美在吃“菜”上的差异。这些都是根据我个人生活中的观察体验,不是全面客观的科学研究。大家如果觉得我说得不准确,可以发邮件告诉我。感谢大家的支持!我们下期再见!

Useful expressions by paragraph 

P1

  1. 差异  | Chāyì : difference


P2

  1. 炒菜  | chǎocài : stir-fry dish
  2. 荤 | hūn:non-vegetarian
  3. 素 | sù: vegetarian, vegetable-based
  4. 搭配 | dāpèi: pair up, match, combination
  5. 一般来说|yī bān lái shuō: generally speaking
  6. 以…为主|Yǐ…wéi zhǔ : to rely mainly on, to attach most importance to
  7. 份 | fèn: portion, serving
  8. 种类|zhǒng lèi: kind, category
  9. 选择|xuǎozé: select, choose, option
  10. 够 | gòu: reach 
  11. 形式 | xíngshì: format, form


P3

  1. 蛋白质 | dànbáizhí: protein
  2. 配菜 | pèi cài: side dish
  3. 色拉/沙拉 | sè lā/shālā: salad
  4. 作为|zuò wéi: to act as
  5. 量|liàng: quantity 
  6. 就算|jìu suàn: granted that, even if
  7. 新鲜 | xīnxiān: fresh
  8. 热加工 | rè jiāgōng: heat-processed, process by heating
  9. 毕竟 | bìjìng: after all
  10. 过度 | guòdù: excessive, over-
  11. 烹饪 | pēngrèn: cooking, culinary arts 
  12. 营养 | yíngyǎng: nutrition
  13. 流失 | liúshī: lose, “wash away”
  14. 烤|kǎo: roast, bake, broil
  15. 煮|zhǔ: boil
  16. 凉拌|liáng bàn: cold vegetables dressed with sauce
  17. 热炒 |rè chǎo: fried, stir-fry


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