The civil war between the Jianwen Emperor and his uncle, the Prince of Yan, rages on across the realm. Both sides will feel the terror and pain of the fearsome realities combat... but in the end, only one will be left standing.

Time Period Covered:

1399-1402 CE

Major Historical Figures:

The Jianwen Emperor (Zhu Yunwen) [r. 1398-1402]

Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan [1360-1424]

Minister Huang Zicheng [1350-1402]

Minister Qi Tai [d. 1402]

Minister Fang Xiaoru [1357-1402]

General Geng Bingwen [1334-1403]

General Li Jinglong [1369-1424]

Major Works Cited:

Andrade, Tonio. “How Yongle learned to stop worrying and love the gun” in The Ming World.

Chan, Hok-lam. “The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te Reigns, 1399-1435” in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1633, Part I.

Ditmanson, Peter. “Venerating the Martyrs of the 1402 Usurpation: History and Memory in the Mid and late Ming Dynasty” in T’oung Pao, Second Series, Vol. 93.

Ditmanson, Peter. “Fang Xiaoru: Moralistic Politics in the Early Ming” in The Human Tradition in Premodern China.

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