Dr. Jeff Graham talks with Dr. Mattias Bernow, a physician, economist, and CEO of Cellcolabs — about the current state of stem cell therapy. They discuss how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) function through signaling rather than cell replacement, where evidence supports their use today, and why good manufacturing practices (GMP) are essential for safety and efficacy. The conversation explores clinical data on cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, and what large-scale, evidence-based production could mean for the future of regenerative medicine.