Synopsis: In the mid-11th century BC, the Hittite kingdoms of northern Syria are joined by others– in the Philistine pentapolis, the Amuq plain and the region of Classical Cilicia – with ties to the former Mycenaean Greeks.  The Phoenician cities of the Levantine coast begin to step from the shadow of post-Collapse Egypt.

“I am really Azatiwada,

Man of my Sun, the servant of Thunder God,

Rendered superior by Awariku, and the ruler of Adanawa,

Thunder God rendered me Mother and Father of Adanawa city, and

I am the one, who developed Adanawa city,

And I expanded Adanawa country, both westward and eastward,

And during my reign, I made Adanawa city taste prosperity, satiety and comfort, and I filled the grain warehouses,

I added horse to horse, shield to shield, army to army, everything for Thunder God and the deities…”

The Karatepe Bilingual

Map of the Late Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean:

https://audio.ancientworldpodcast.com/LBA_Hittite_Map.jpg

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