Lennart Heim, a researcher and information scientist at RAND Corporation, joins Azeem Azhar to unpack a provocative claim: China is catching up with US AI capabilities, but it doesn't matter. 

Timestamps: 

(00:00) Episode trailer 

(01:19) Lennart’s core thesis 

(03:26)   Why compute matters so much 

(07:31)  The investment split between model R&D and model execution 

(11:18)  How test-time compute impacts costs 

(16:14) The geopolitics of compute 

(21:32) Why does the U.S have more compute capacity than China? 

(25:01)  The trade-off between economic needs and national-security needs 

(31:54)  How technology change might shift the battlegrounds 

(35:33)  Dealing with compute and power concentration 

(48:19)  Concluding quick-fire question 

Lennart's links: 

• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/ohlennart
• Personal blog: https://heim.xyz/

Azeem's links:

• Substack: https://www.exponentialview.co/
• Website: https://www.azeemazhar.com/
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/azhar
• Twitter/X: https://x.com/azeem

This was originally recorded for "Friday with Azeem Azhar", a new show that takes place every Friday at 9am PT and 12pm ET. You can tune in through Exponential View on Substack. 

Produced by supermix.io and EPIIPLUS1 Ltd