Cider Chat

Celebrating an Agricultural Legacy and the New England Apple Association

The New England Apple Association (NEAA), a venerable institution supporting apple growers across the New England states, will be closing its doors at the end of this fiscal year on June 30, 2024. This announcement, delivered by the NEAA's Executive Director, Russell Steven Powell, marks the end of an 89-year legacy dedicated to promoting and supporting the region's apple industry. Hear Powell on Episode 245 present Apples of New England to the Amherst Historical society: a companion YouTube video of this informative presentation

The History of New England Apple Association

The NEAA, originally established in 1935 as the New York and New England Apple Institute, has played a pivotal role in the apple industry. The organization has evolved through the decades, reflecting changes in the industry and market dynamics. It became the Northeast Macintosh Growers Association in 1993 after New York established its own marketing organization and was eventually renamed the New England Apple Association.

Contributions and Challenges

Under the leadership of Russell Steven Powell, who has served as the Executive Director since 1997, the NEAA has been instrumental in various advocacy efforts, marketing campaigns, and educational initiatives aimed at supporting New England apple growers. Powell, an author of two acclaimed books on apples, "America's Apple" and "Apples of New England," has been a prominent figure in the organization, driving its mission forward.

Russell Stevens Powell

Despite its contributions, the NEAA has faced significant challenges in recent years. Changes in the New England apple industry, a shift from wholesale markets to retail orchards, and the rise of diversified attractions such as pick-your-own, bakeries, and tasting rooms have impacted the organization's traditional business model. This shift, while beneficial for many orchards, appears to have presented a challenge for the NEAA, ultimately leading to the decision to close.

The Impact and Future of Apples in New England

The closure of the NEAA is a significant loss for the New England apple community. The association has been a valuable resource for apple growers and enthusiasts, providing information on apple varieties, orchard locations, and industry developments. The NEAA's contributions to the agricultural heritage of New England will be remembered fondly.

As we reflect on this bittersweet moment, it is crucial to acknowledge the dedication and hard work of individuals like Russell Stevens Powell and the many volunteers who have supported the NEAA over the years. Their efforts have left an indelible mark on the apple industry in New England.

Supporting Local Agriculture

The closure of the NEAA underscores the importance of supporting local agricultural organizations and initiatives. As Al Sax, who joins Cider Chat Host Ria Windcaller in this episode and is a lifelong champion of apple cider making and education, highlights in this episode, the sustainability of local agriculture depends on active participation and support from the community. Organizations like the American Cider Association, state-level cider guilds, and other regional agricultural groups play a vital role in promoting and preserving our agricultural heritage.

Vote With Your Dollars

Al discussed how he makes his money count by, "voting with your dollars." This philosophy underscores the importance of using our financial choices to support the organizations and causes we believe in. By purchasing memberships, donating, and buying products from local orchards and agricultural associations, we can directly impact their sustainability and success. Al practices what he preaches, supporting CiderChat and other agricultural initiatives that align with his passion for apples and cider. His commitment serves as a reminder that our spending habits can make a meaningful difference in preserving and promoting the agricultural heritage and local businesses we cherish.

Contact Emails for the New England Apple Association

• Russ Holmberg, Chair: [email protected] - Holmberg Orchards, Gales Ferry, Connecticut
• Steve Rowse, Vice-Chair: [email protected]
• Giff Burnap, Secretary/Treasurer: [email protected] - Butternut Farm, Farmington, New Hampshire

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• PA Cider Fest – June 15, 2024 Use Promo Code: CIDERVILLE for $10 tickets!
• French Cider Tour 2024
• Who's cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • @spacetimemeads
  • @redislandcider
  • @degerdenner

Crank the Bach & Go Boating with Green Bench in Hand

Brian Wing of Green Bench Mead and Cider is a classical music fan. Green Bench is located in Saint Petersburg, Florida and Brian was recently on episode 398 which is a must listen. Usually, we wait a bit here at Cider Chat Central to have a guest back on, but when a delivery of cider arrived from Brian, with 4 select bottles, the opportunity arose once again have a chat.

Single Varietals to Bach Chamber Blends

• Black Twig: An Earthy Delight
  • Brian starts the conversation by discussing the Black Twig, a cider crafted from the 2022 crop. This cider showcases a unique blend of 80% Black Twig and 20% Chestnut Crab apples. Brian describes the Black Twig as having a peachy blush color with a flavor profile that includes low acidity, apple

• Redfield: The Rosé of Ciders
  • The Redfield, a single varietal cider made from 100% Redfield apples. Known for its vibrant red flesh, this cider offers a stunning color and a flavor profile dominated by cranberry and citrus aromas. Brian highlights the high acidity and minerality of this cider, making it a perfect rosé alternative for brunch or any occasion.

• Malus: A Flagship Cider
• Brian introduces the Malus, a cider that he considers the flagship of Green Bench. This cider is a blend of 12-13 apple varieties, including Dabinett, Kingston Black, Chisel Jersey, Black Twig, Chestnut, and Hughes Crab. The result is a balanced and rounded cider with a complex flavor profile that pays homage to French ciders. With an alcohol by volume of just over 7%, the Malus is a versatile and drinkable cider.

Celebrity Chef Brian Duffy loved the Malus – listen to this special ep: 401

• Episode 401: Celebrity Chef Brian Duffy | Cider Pairing Tips

• Chaconne: A High Acid Symphony
  • The final cider discussed is the Chaconne, named after Johann Sebastian Bach's Partita No. 2. This high acid cider is a blend of Wickson, Yates, and Harrison apples. Brian describes the Chaconne as having intense pear and citrus aromas, a mouthwatering acidity, and a unique flavor profile that includes tropical fruit and a touch of black pepper. The label, featuring three robed skeletons playing violins, adds to the artistic and esoteric nature of this cider.

Listen to Johann Sebastian Bach's

Violinist Jascha Heifetz is featured via the link below

Album cover for Jascha Heifetz which features Bach Chaconne d-Moll aus der Partita Nr. 2

• https://archive.org/details/chaconne-d-moll-heifetz

Contact for Green Bench Brewing, Mead & Cider

• Website
  • https://www.greenbenchbrewing.com/mead-cider
• Listen to Episode 398: Cider in Florida? Visit Green Bench Brewing, Mead & Cider

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• PA Cider Fest – June 15, 2024
• Who's been cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
• French Cider Tour 2024
• Who's cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • @spacetimemeads
  • Social Scranton on Facebook – page for the city of Scranton, PA
  • @degerdenner
  • @tomoliverscider
  • @ciderexplorer
  • @thompsons_brood

What exactly are Cider Hybrids

Exploring Cider Hybrids and Co-ferments as recored at a panel discussion at CiderCon 2024. The terminology for this category is still developing, reflecting the innovative and experimental nature of these beverages. As producers continue to explore and create unique blends and co-ferments, the language will evolve to better capture the diversity and creativity inherent in these new cider expressions.

In this episode of Cider Chat

Delve into the innovative and creative world of cider hybrids and co-ferments with a panel of expert cider makers from around the globe to discuss the nuances, challenges, and joys of creating these unique beverages.

The discussion opens with a brief introduction to the panelists:

• Christine Hardy – Co-owner and cider maker at Riley's Cidery on Bowen Island, BC, and board member of the Cider Institute of North America.
• Tom Oliver – Cider and Perry maker at Oliver's Cider and Perry in Herefordshire, England.
• Ryan Burk – Owner and cider maker at Occam Cider.
• Johan Sjöstedt – Founder and cider maker at Pomologik in Sweden.
• Kathleen Cherry – Winemaker and co-owner of Calche Wine Cooperative in Vermont.
• Tariq – Cider maker at Revel Cider in Ontario, Canada.

(ltor) Tariq Ahmed, Kathline Chery, Johan Sjöstedt, Ryan Burk, Tom Oliver Panelist Questions on the topic of Cider Hybrids

• Defining Cider Hybrids and Co-ferments:
• Challenges and Regulatory Issues in this category
• Innovative Ingredients and Techniques
• Marketing and Consumer Perception
• Advice for Aspiring Cider Makers

Contact Information for Speakers:

• Christine Hardy – Riley's Cidery
• Tom Oliver – Oliver's Cider and Perry – Listen to Episode 366 with Tom
• Ryan Burk – Occam Cider
• Johan Sjöstedt – Pomologik – Listen to Episode 399 with Johan
• Kathline Chery – Kalche Wine Cooperative
• Tariq Ahmed – Revel Cider Listen to Episode 405 with Tariq

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• PA Cider Fest – June 15, 2024
• Locust Grove Brewing Company – Milton, New York
• Who's been cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
• French Cider Tour 2024
• Who's cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • @degerdenner
  • @Berkshire_Cider
  • @deansbeanscoffee
  • Albemarle Cider Works
  • @lapommelie

Businesses Certified as a B Corp Stand Out!

Explore the benefits of B Corp certification with leaders from solar, candle, coffee, and cider industries. Learn about their challenges and successes in creating positive social and environmental impact.

In this Cider Chat

Enjoy this informative panel discussion led by Bridget Sprague of Revision Energy with Ted Barber of Prosperity Candle, Beth Spong of Dean's Beans Organic Coffee and Kat Hand of Berkshire Cider Project.

Listen as they share their experiences, challenges, and successes in becoming and maintaining B Corp certified. The conversation highlights the value of this business model in creating positive social and environmental impact through business.

Feature with B Corps begins at (10:04 minutes)

• Introduction to B Corps
• Guest Introductions and Their Businesses
  • Bridget Sprague: Vice President at Revision Energy, a solar company based in Maine and Massachusetts, B Corp since 2015, 100% employee-owned, nearly 500 employees.

• Ted Barber: Co-founder of Prosperity Candle, B Corp since 2014, supporting refugees through handmade products.

• Beth Spong: CEO of Dean's Beans Organic Coffee, established in 1993, focusing on organic, fair trade coffee, and recently became a worker-owned cooperative.

• Kat Hand: Co-founder of Berkshire Cider Project, B Corp since April 2023, focused on celebrating the Berkshire region through locally sourced hard cider.

• Why They Became B Corps
  • Bridget Sprague: To ensure accountability and maintain a high standard of business practices.
  • Ted Barber: The combination of environmental sustainability and social impact aligned with their mission to support refugees.
  • Beth Spong: To affirm their mission of social, economic, and environmental justice through specialty coffee.
  • Kat: To align their business with personal values of sustainability and accountability.
• Challenges and Wins as a B Corp
• Community and Marketing Impact
• The Panel Shares their Favorite B Corps

Find a B Corp in your Area and Industry

• Go to the following website to find a B Corp: https://www.bcorporation.net/en-us/find-a-b-corp/

Current list of Cider Brands certified as a B Corp

• Berkshire Cider Project | Massachusetts Since 2023
• Ernest Cider Ltd Since 2017
• Ramborn Cider, Luxembourg Since 2020
• FinnRiver Farm and Cidery, Washington state Since 2015
• Sxollie, South Africa Since 2022

How to get Certified as a B Corp

• Website: https://bcorporation.uk/b-corp-certification/what-is-a-b-corp/

Contact for B Corp Panel Speakers

• Bridget Sprague – Revision Energy
  • B Corp since 2015
    • Website: Revision Energy
• Ted Barber – Prosperity Candle
  • B Corp since 2014
    • Website: Prosperity Candle
• Beth Spong – Dean's Beans Organic Coffee
  • B Corp since 2018
    • Website: Dean's Beans Organic Coffee
• Kat Hand – Berkshire Cider Project
  • B Corp since 2023
    • Website: Berkshire Cider Project

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• PA Cider Fest – June 15, 2024
• Who's been cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • @ThyCider
  • @degerdenner
  • @yanngilles.cidre
  • @raging_cider
  • @rawcider
  • @pressthenpress
  • @ciderexplorer
  • @sowamsciderworks
  • @ryan_and_caseyliquors
• French Cider Tour 2024

Is Ancestral Method different than Pet Nat?

This panel discussion on Ancestral Method was moderate by Nicole Leibon of LeNosse Knows consultation. She was joined by Yann Gilles, a French cider consultant, Levi Danielson of Oregon's RAW cider and David Carr of California's Raging Cider. This feature was was recorded at CiderCon 2024, the annual trade conference hosted by the American Cider Association.

(ltor) Nicole LeGrand Liebon, Yann Gilles, Levi Danielson, Dave Carr

The discussion centers around various aspects of cider production, specifically highlighting traditional cider-making methods like the "ancestral method.

Topics discuss on this panel

• Cider Making Methods and Personal Backgrounds of each speaker
• Ancestral Method of Cider Production
  • This traditional method of cider making is particularly prominent in Normandy and Brittany, France.
  • It involves a two-step fermentation process:
    • the first step is in tanks and the second in bottles, intentionally leaving both fermentations incomplete to retain some natural sugars and create a sparkling cider.
• Technical Details in Cider Fermentation
  • Discussions delve into the technical specifics such as controlling yeast population, managing nitrogen levels in the must, and how these factors affect the cider's quality and character.
• Influence of Environmental Factors
  • Various environmental factors like orchard age, apple variety, and climatic conditions impact the nitrogen content in apples, which in turn affects the cider's fermentation process
• Cider Quality Control Techniques
  • Techniques like racking, filtration, and the use of centrifuges are explored to manage fermentation and ensure quality.
• Packaging and Bottling Considerations
  • The choice of bottles, pressure management during second fermentation, and how these factors impact the safety and quality of the final cider product are discussed

• Cider Tasting and Consumer Preferences
  • The session included a cider tasting, emphasizing the importance of understanding consumer preferences and the impact of specific cider-making techniques on the flavor and appeal of the cider.
    • 2022 Cidre AOP Pays d'Auge Cuvée Réserve | Manoir de Grandouet (Normandy)
    • 2023 AW Cider Pet Nat | RAW Cider Company (Oregon)
    • 2020 Disco Nat, Metal House Cider (New York)
    • Jonathan & Liberty | Raging Cider & Mead Company (California)

Enjoy this detailed exploration highlights both the science and the art behind cider making, from orchard management to bottling and consumer satisfaction.

Contact info for Ancestral Methods Panel

• Nicole LeGrand Liebon - @nicolegrandleibon - Vermont
• Yann Giles - @yanngilles.cidre - France
• Levi Danielson - RAW Cider - Oregon
• David Carr - Raging Cider and Mead Company - Southern California

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• PA Cider Fest - June 15, 2024
• Who's been cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • Sidra Santiago artesanal sidreria - Craft cider. Heritage Chilean apples. In the heart of Santiago, Chile
• French Cider Tour 2024 is Sold Out

Find the latest Cider Dispatch from Highland County Virginia

Cider Bon Vivant Reporter Al Sax provide a cider dispatch report from Monterey Virginia. This area of Virginia is known as Highland County and it is here that Big Fish Cider is located. One of the cool extras (beside cider) when visiting this region, is that it is a Dark Sky area. This means good star grazing due to the lack of night lights drowning out the night sky.

Al interviews Big Fish Cider Maker and Owner Kirk Billingsley. Kirk was last on Cider Chat in Episode 124. That recording took place in 2018 at CiderCon the annual trade conference for the American Cider Association

Ria with Big Fish pulled chilled from the stream Changes at Big Fish from 2018 -2024

• 400 apple trees planted
• Can order Big Fish online
• Tasting room open Friday -Sunday

Contact for Big Fish Cider Co.

• Website: https://www.bigfishcider.com/about-us/
• eMail: [email protected]
• Telephone: (540) 468-2322
• Address
  • 59 Spruce Street, Monterey, VA 24465

Work with Cider Chat – Provide Cider Dispatches Too!

If you enjoy sharing your love of cider and also have a knack for conversation? Why not share some of your local cider hot spots and interview a favored maker.

Cider Chat is looking for 20-25 minute cider dispatches. No prior podcasting experience required. Check out the page "Work with Cider Chat", fill out the form and get published on the world's #1 cider podcast as a Cider Reporter @ Cider Chat!

Mentioned in this Cider Chat

• Hear from Cider Chat's newest patron Josh from Australia
• Who's been cross promoting cider #xpromotecider
  • Abaliget Garden Projects – Cider, Perry and Fruit wines
  • Megan Faschoway – Junction Orchard and Ciderhouse
  • Rakkerpak Cider – Denmark
  • Thy Cider – Denmark
  • Big Fish Cider posted the Cider Chat info flyer in their tasting room √
• Only one seat left on the French Cider Tour 2024
• Work with Cider Chat – Record audio snap shots from your special spot in Ciderville
• @joshcreates
• Tom Oliver of Oliver's Cider and Perry Ltd audio clip!

Thy Cider in Denmark Cross Promotes Cider Chat

Technical Tips for When Things Go Wrong with Cider Making

This episode features two cider professionals and a cider industry consultant, which is exactly who you need a direct line to when your cider has problems. Hear from Megan Faschoway who at the time of this recording was Senior Cider Maker at Sea Cider, Kira Bassingthwaighte Head Cider Maker at Western Cider in Montana and Nick Gunn of BenchGraft a cider consultation service based in Salem Oregon.

This talk took place in Portland Oregon at CiderCon, the annual cider conference hosted by the American Cider Association. The title of the talk was "What to do when things go wrong".

The focus was not on preventive measures, but as the title says – curative steps that one can take to try to mitigate a problem with a particular cider

In this Cider Chat on Cider Problems

• Dealing with rotten egg smell from your cider
  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a negative off-aroma compound that can occur in cider and has a rotten egg smell. It's produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during cider fermentation.
• Filtering cider
  • Using Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Tasting Panels for feedback
  • Dealing with a saturated cider maker's palate
• Saving samples from each batch to create a library for potential cider problems down the road

Contact for Speakers on this Panel

• Kira Bassingthwaighte, Western Cider Hear Kira on Episode 295

• Megan Faschoway

• Nick Gunn BenchGraft Hear Nick and Dave White of Whitewood Cider on Episode 004

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• French Cider Tour September 2024
• Oliver's Cider and Perry Company – UK Cider in Herefordshire, Tom Oliver audio clip
• The Whose Who of #xpromotecider in this episode? Join the fun and download the info flyer on Cider Chat offerings at the Support Page! Post, share and social media and tag Cider Chat! Cider's XPromoters will be featured on an end of year episode!
  • De Gerdenner Cider, Netherland
  • Northwest Cider Association reposted Episode 410 with Olympic Bluffs Cider and Lavender Farm
  • Ross on Wye Cider and Perry Company posted last week's Episode 410 Perry Panel
  • Dragon' Head Cider
  • Camra Cider and Perry
  • American Cider Association – CiderCon

Cider's Best Friend is Perry

Enjoy this panel discussion "Pear Necessities: International Perry recorded at CiderCon 2024. The panel was moderated by drinks writer, Adam Wells of the UK. Sitting to his right was Tom Oliver of Olivers Cider and Perry Ltd (UK), Laura Cherry of Dragon's Head Cider (Washington State), Albert Johnson of Ross and Wye Cider and Perry Company (UK) and cider critic and blogger Natalia Wszelaki (Germany).

(L to R) Tom Oliver (Oliver's Cider and Perry), Albert Johnson (Ross-on-Wye Cider), Laura Cherry (Dragon's Head Cider), Natalia Wszelaki (Cider Explorer), Adam Wells (Cider Review) Topics discussed during this Perry Panel

• Introduction of Perry Panel Speakers
• Overview of Perry in both Europe, the UK and America
• Tasting profiles of 4 Perry's
  • Oliver's Cider and Perry Ltd. (UK)
    • SHHH
  • Ross on Wye Cider & Perry Company (UK)
    • Thorn 2019 S.V. Perry
  • Kertelreiter (Germany)
    • Heiden 2021
    • Single Tree Perry
  • Dragon's Head Cider (Washington State, US)
    • Sparkling Perry
• Perry critique of servings via Natalia a.k.a Cider Explorer
  • Shared a bit of history of perry in Austria, Switzerland and Germany
• Pear Cider vs Perry – are they interchangeable

New Perry Book (May 2024)

Perry: A Drinker's Guide, author Adam Wells of Cider Review

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• French Cider Tour September 2024
• Oliver's Cider and Perry Company – UK Cider in Herefordshire, Tom Oliver audio clip
• The Whose Who of #xpromotecider in this episode? Join the fun and download the info flyer on Cider Chat offerings at the support page! Post, share and social media and tag Cider Chat! Cider's XPromoters will be featured on an end of year episode!
  • Spacetime Mead & Cider Works, Dunmore, PA
  • The London Cider House
  • Rakkerpak Cider, Denmark
  • @snoopylovescider – referred to a Cider Chat episode with Stormalong Cider. There are currently two episodes with this Massachusetts based maker Episode 036 (Season 1) and 236 Scrub a Dub Valves and Vessels which is part of the Season 5 Cider Making series.
• American Cider Association – CiderCon

Escape to Olympic Bluffs a Dream Vacation Destination

Olympic Bluffs Cidery & Lavender Farm is located on the northern coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State. The farm is on a bluff that overlooks the Salish Sea, which spans the international waters between British Columbia and Washington State. The location is dreamy with views of Mount Baker, a 10,000+ foot mountain, to the east and Victoria Canada to the north.

Olympic Bluffs was founded by Ginger and Scott Wierzbanowski, who found farm land years early on a trip to Washington State. Both are Air Force Veterans with Ginger serving as an Intel Officer and Scott as an Air Force F 16 pilot.

Scott and Ginger next to F 16 – note Scott's name on plane

The two met in Korea, married in Denmark, and lived in Europe where in France they discovered Calvados. Years later their love of cider helped frame Olympic Bluffs Cidery and Lavender Farm which has an onsite Lavender shop, a cider production area, a Bed and Breakfast next door, and a commercial location where a future tasting room will be situated in downtown Port Angeles.

In this Cider Chat

• The Wierzbanowski's backstory to cider.
• Why a cidery and lavender farm in Port Angeles?
• What does the location look like? When and how can people visit?
• Is there a best time?
• The orchards,
  • Size, terrain, soil type
  • Number of apple varieties and (pear?)
  • Orchard practices
• What products Olympic Bluffs currently sells
• Types of cider to expect?
  • What has informed your cider making styles?
• Future plans

Contact for Olympic Bluffs Cidery & Lavender Farm

• Website: https://www.olympicbluffscidery.com/
• Address: 1025 Finn Hall Rd, Port Angeles, WA 98362
• Telephone: +13606707206

Mentions in this Cider Chat

• French Cider Tour September 2024
• Oliver's Cider and Perry Company – UK Cider in Herefordshire, Tom Oliver audio clip
• The Whose Who of #xpromotecider in this episode? Join the fun and download the info flyer on Cider Chat offerings at the support page! Post, share and social media and tag Cider Chat! Cider's XPromoters will be featured on an end of year episode!
  • Spacetime Mead & Cider Works, Dunmore, PA
  • Heartland Ciderworks, OR – watch the "Bottles On My Desk" review of Avalon
  • Rakkerpak Cider, Denmark
  • Know Your Roots, orchard consulting | NY

Mike Biltonen and his wife Debbie founded Know Your Roots in 2008 and began offering a wide array of service for backyard and commercial orchardists in 2014.

Mike

This conversation tool place at the Berkshire Roundtable that was founded my Micheal Phillips 34 years ago. This annual meet up of orchardist and cider makers takes place in Massachusetts each spring. It is an informal discussion amoungst peers all on growing apples and assorted pomme fruits. Micheal Phillips was a renown orchardist and author of many books like The Holistic Orchard. Find all his books at Cider Chat's book page. Listen to episode 312 dedicated to Micheal.

In this Cider Chat

• The backstory of Know Your Roots
• Services offered by Know Your Roots
• What to consider before planting an orchard
• Mike's background in Biodynamic (BD) orcharding
• Defining Holistic Orcharding
• Making a BD preparation
• Climate change – dealing with late season frost
• The future at Know Your Roots and…cider?

Mike and Ria recording this episode Contact for Know Your Roots

• Website: https://knowyouroots.com/index.html

Mentions on this Cider Chat

• Rudolf Steiner
• Josephine Porter Institute for Applied Biodynamics (JPI)
• #xpromotecider in this episode
  • Listen to Dan of Space Time Mead & Ciderworks
  • Bones and Bottles Review – on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/boneandbottlereviews/?hl=en
  • Listen to Episode 407 with Dan Gallagher of Frosty Twig Cider
• Follow Ben Kuenš on Chocalate Pears – listen to his episode #304 all on Sorbus Domestica