Economy Watch

Kia ora,

Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news we are into Q4 now and it is starting out modestly in most places, despite an eye-popping rise on the Shanghai stock exchange.

First in the US, the Chicago PMI improved marginally in September although the gain was probably insignificant.

Meanwhile the Dallas Fed factory survey for the US oil patch in September eased further, although again, not a significant change.

But in October, this may all be affected by a looming East Coast and Gulf waterfront strike. And there is similar strike action underway in Canada. Workers are reacting to productivity changes from a new automation push.

China's National Day Golden Week holiday period starts today, kicking off one of the year's busiest travel periods as the country marks the 75th anniversary of its founding as a communist state. But their tourism industry is bracing for sluggish activity with bookings down -20%, even as regional governments begin to distribute cash vouchers to boost flagging consumer spending.

It is not only discretionary travel that is soft. The official Chinese factory PMI contracted at a lesser pace in September. And the companion Caixin factory PMI slipped from a minor expansion into a minor contraction.

Further, the official services PMI expansion ended in September with their lowest reading since December 2022.

But not everyone is looking ahead with trepidation there. Investors in Shanghai drove their equity markets up a remarkable +8.1% yesterday. After that exchange touched its lowest level in a decade on September 13, it has now suddenly shot up to its highest since April 2023. It is all about how Beijing is rolling out its stimulus - essentially guaranteeing investors that they won't lose (the Beijing 'put'). And they are all-in, filling their boots.

Much of this is driven by a belief that Chinese construction will be getting a big boost. The steel rebar price rebound shows that.

In the EU, the German CPI inflation rate fell to just 1.6% in September, its lowest since February 2021 when it was about to go on a tear, peaking at 8.8% in October 2022.

In Australia, they are claiming its 'first back‑to‑back surpluses in nearly two decades'.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.78% and up +2 bps from yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2638/oz and down -US$20 from yesterday.

Oil prices are +50 USc firmer at just over US$68.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is still just on US$72/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 63.7 USc and up +30 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are little-changed at 91.8 AUc. Against the euro we have risen +30 bps to 57.1 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 70.9, and up almost +30 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,502 and down -3.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just on +/- 2.2%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead all eyes are on some well-signaled and massive fiscal stimulus due for release in China.

When it is announced, it will overshadow everything else. But this week will also feature a wide range of other economic data released. Top of the list will be September's PMI data from China, the US and the EU among others, Japan will chime in with its industrial production and retail sales data, The EU will also be releasing inflation data, as will South Korea. And the US will also have more labour market updates, and end the week with its key non-farm payrolls report. In Australia, it will be about building consents and retail trade.

Locally, it will all be about the September housing market reports, plus the Wednesday full dairy auction. But don't forget the following week, when the RBNZ will be releasing its OCR decision, so that will dominate this week's background outlook.

We ended last week with some eye-catching optimism sweeping over Chinese stock markets after unprecedented money-printing fiscal stimulus signaling there.

That came as their central bank some significant monetary policy changes. On Friday they cut the seven-day reverse repurchase rate by 20 bps to 1.5%. They also cut the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) by 50 bps, the second reduction this year, bringing the weighted average RRR for financial institutions to around 6.6% after the cut.

They clearly need it. Construction firms are failing at a much faster rate now.

The Hong Kong and Shanghai equity markets may be roaring, in anticipation of the coming stimulus. But Chinese industrial profits are weak. For the eight months to August, they are a touch less than for the same period last year. For August alone they were -23% lower than the same month in 2023.

In Japan, they are about to get a new prime minister, a self-acknowledged policy wonk, and someone who has been on the outer of the main political establishment for years. He will now be at the center. Shigeru Ishiba is set to make the economy his top priority, signaling plans to lighten the burden of rising prices. Markets are expected to react when they open later today.

In Taiwan, consumer sentiment rose in September to its highest level since March 2020. 

In the US PCE inflation rose at an annualised rate of +2.2% in August, a confirmation that inflation's impulse is back under control. That is its tamest rise since February 2021.

American disposable personal income was up +3.1% in August from the same month a year ago, personal consumption expenditure was up +2.9% on the same basis.

The final September reading of the University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey was released over the weekend and it was revised up from the flash result. The main reason for the increase was higher confidence in the 'present conditions' part of the survey. This survey is now at a five month high.

US wholesale inventories slipped in August from July, but were up less than +1% from a year ago. It was similar for their merchandise trade deficit; down in August from July but up from a year ago. We have made the point before, but the size of these deficits is minor compared to their overall economic activity.

Nothing in these second-tier data releases alters the expanding track of the giant American economy.

EU sentiment is broadly stable in September. Firmer consumer sentiment offsets a slight weakening in business sentiment in the month.

In Australia, they issued an unusual warning late last week: electricity supply from solar rooftops was destabilising their distribution networks because of oversupply. The immediate problem is in Victoria but may affect South Australia as well. The households in those regions will likely be paid nothing for supply.

Separately, we should perhaps keep an eye on the butter price, At auction it has been basically stable for most of the year.at about US$6500/tonne. But the EU butter price has risen to US$7,200/tonne since July. Either the GDT price will shift up strongly, or the EU price will fall sharply. It might be the latter because we saw it fall -5% in the last few days of last week.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.75% and down -1 bp from Saturday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2658/oz and up +US$15 from Saturday and back up nearer it all-time high.

Oil prices are h+50 USc firmer at just over US$668/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just on US$72/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 63.4 USc and down -10 bps from this time Saturday, up more than +1c from this time last week. Against the Aussie we are little-changed at 91.9 AUc. Against the euro we have slipped -10 bps to 56.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 70.6, and down -15 bps from Saturday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$65,683 and down -0.3% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been very low at just on +/- 0.4%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead China is trying to get back on track to keep up with the US economically.

First in the US, the number of initial claims for unemployment benefits fell again last week and by more than expected to 181,000. In fact there has been a consistent reduction each week since the end of July. There are now only 1.63 mln people on these benefits.

American durable goods orders came in better than expected too in August. After an unexpected jump in July, they were expected to fall back sharpish. They did but not by anything like what was expected. In actual terms they rose +7.5% from July to be level-pegging with a year ago. The embedded year-on-year negative has now been extinguished. Capital good orders rose in August to be +2.5% higher than a year ago. This too is a bright recovery.

There were no surprises in the US Q2 final GDP result, with their economic activity growing +3.0% 'real' and almost double the +1.6% expansion in Q1. For the full year to June, there was US$29 tln in economic activity recorded, a fast pace of expansion for the world's largest economy. By some estimates, that +3% pace has continued into Q3.

It is not all good, or even even. The Kansas City Fed's factory survey retreated in its September review, even if expectations for future activity stayed positive.

Again, there was good support for today's US Treasury 7 year bond auction. It went for a median yield of 3.61%, down from 3.71% at the equivalent event a month ago. And that is despite secondary benchmark yields rising slightly today.

And as expected, the Swiss National Bank cut its key policy rate by -25 bps to 1% at their overnight meeting, a third consecutive reduction and pushing borrowing costs to the lowest since early 2023.

Aussie job vacancies continue to fall. There were 330,000 job vacancies in August, down by 18,000 from May, and well down from the peak of 473,000 in May 2022. Their labour market stats shows there were 623,200 unemployed people in the same month, of which 418,500 were supposedly looking for full-time work.

The OECD said the global economy is turning the corner as growth remained resilient through the first half of 2024, with declining inflation, though significant risks remain, according to the OECD’s latest Interim Economic Outlook. With robust growth in trade, improvements in real incomes and a more accommodative monetary policy in many economies, the Outlook projects global growth persevering at 3.2% in 2024 and 2025, after 3.1% in 2023. Global inflation is projected to be back to central bank targets in most G20 economies by the end of 2025. Headline inflation in the G20 economies is projected to ease to 5.4% in 2024 and 3.3% in 2025, down from 6.1% in 2023, with core inflation in the G20 advanced economies easing to 2.7% in 2024 and 2.1% in 2025.

Container freight rates fell -7% last week from the prior week, to be +160% higher than the pre-pandemic levels and back to levels we last saw at the start of 2024. All the latest reductions were on routes outbound from China. Bulk cargo rates were up +6.6% last week to be +25% higher than a year ago.

In China, Beijing has asked its four top state-owned banks to cover for it with lending that may not make a lot of commercial sense. Now Bloomberg is reporting that they are moving to bolster the capital in these key institutions. The amount of added capital required is enormous.

And we are starting to see some movement in some commodity prices, responding to the Chinese stimulus program. For example the copper price is back above US$10,000/tonne which is approaching the upper limits of where it has been since its first rise in 2011. Iron ore or rebar steel aren't moving, but zinc is.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.79% and unchanged from yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2670/oz and up +US$9 from yesterday to yet another new all-time high.

Oil prices have fallen another -US$2 to US$67.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just on US$71.50/bbl. The Saudis seem to have surrendered the idea that production cutbacks will juice the price in their favour. They are shifting to pump more and regain market share.

The Kiwi dollar starts today in a yoyo pattern at 63.3 USc and back up +60 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 91.8 AUc. Against the euro we are up +30 bps at 56.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 70.6, and back up +30 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$65,167 and up +3.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just on +/- 2.9%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with of a settling of the global economy after some big announcements by China. So far, little seems to have changed, other than investors now think they can't lose with Chinese equity investments.

But first, the surge in American mortgage applications we noted last week has extended. Last week they soared +11% from the prior week, extending the earlier +14.2% gain to lift mortgage application volumes to their highest since June 2022, and now above year-ago levels. It's been a sudden shift. In fact this is the best two-week period in their housing market since late 2015. The upswing in home loan demand came as benchmark mortgage rates fell to a two-year low of 6.13%.

So far it has not shown up in the purchase of new homes. Sales of new single-family homes fell -4.7% in August to an annual rate of 716,000 units. While this drop partially offset the revised +10.3% surge from the previous month, it was still marginally more than market forecasts. This market has been on a slow recovery since August 2022. But the mortgage application surge may well change this momentum in September.

There was more evidence today that the US Government is having no problem attracting investors for its debt. The Treasury 5 year Note was well supported again with US$100 bln more in bids than available and the median interest rate came in at 3.46%, down from the 3.59% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.

Taiwanese retail sales were subdued in August, rising only +1.1% from the same month a year ago. But their industrial production was up more than +13% on the same basis.

After China's big signals of substantial monetary stimulus (and yesterday's follow-through of a -30 bps cut to the MLF rate to 2.0%, its biggest cut ever) you might have thought that commodity prices would have risen in anticipation of a meaningful market reaction. But they haven't - yet anyway. The copper price rose prior to the official announcements, but haven't kicked on today. Iron ore has stayed subdued. Other key metals have had conspicuously little reaction. This may all mean markets have been quite unimpressed with the scale of this stimulus effort. No-one is actually gearing up for 'the recovery'. Local investors still think they are however. But Aussie investors are very sceptical.

Staying in China, an overnight announcement revealed a one-off cash handout to the poor will happen early next week. The amount of the gift wasn't revealed however.

Overnight the Swedish central bank cut its key policy rate by -25 bps to 3.25% following a similar move in August and in line with market expectations. They signaled further cuts in the two remaining monetary policy meetings of the year.

We don't often look at the French economy, Europe's second largest. But an overnight survey is worth noting. French consumer confidence rose more than expected in September and way above market expectations. This is the highest reading since February 2022. Consumers were less pessimistic about the outlook on both their financial situation and their standard of living. And their saving intentions rose. Tax rises for the rich seem to be on their agenda now.

In Russia, the rise of their industrial production is slowing and quite fast. War is giving no meaningful boost to their output. Even corporate profits are struggling, down -6.5% from a year ago.

In Australia, August inflation as monitored monthly was expected to fall to +3.1% from 3.5% in July. But in fact it fell far more sharply, down to 2.7% in August from a year ago. The RBA will be relieved as this is the first indication they wanted to see of it within their 1-3% target range. But, a lot of this was due to falls in the cost of petrol and electricity. And that came from a one-off impact of the start of their Commonwealth Energy Bill Relief Fund rebates, and the State Government rebates in Queensland, Western Australia and Tasmania, which drove the largest annual fall in electricity prices on record, down almost -18%. These rebates will last through 2025. Staying high however are rents, still rising about +7% pa.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.79% and up +6 bps from yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2661/oz and up +US$11 from yesterday to yet another new all-time high.

Oil prices have fallen -US$2 to US$69.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just over US$73/bbl. Libyan supply is on its way back.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 62.7 USc and down more than the ½c it gained yesterday. The spike was brief. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 91.8 AUc. Against the euro we are down -40 bps at 56.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 70.3, and down -30 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,112 and down a minor -0.2% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just under +/- 1.4%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news of some major emergency moves in China to reinvigorate their economy.

But first, there was a good GDT Pulse auction result earlier this morning, although the reverse of what the futures markets had signaled. There was no gain in SMP prices, holding its recent higher levels. But the important WMP price rose +2.8% from the full auction a week ago and back to levels of a year ago.

This is a good backdrop to this morning's Fonterra 2023/24 results announcement.

The expansion of American retail sales at physical stores rose +4.1% last week from the same week a year ago. That is good but a slowing from the gains since August. A year ago they were rising +3.6%.

But the widely-watched Conference Board consumer sentiment survey for September has brought a hesitation, slipping to the lower end of the narrow range it has been in for the past two years. Worries about job security seems to be a key factor here, although we probably shouldn't make too much of a range-bound shift.

Election jitters have hit the Richmond Fed's factory survey covering the mid-Atlantic states, all "battle-ground states" where uncertainty of the outcomes is pronounced.

There was a very well supported US Treasury 2 year bond auction today, delivering a median yield of 3.47%. That is down from 3.83% at the equivalent event a month ago. In both more than US$100 bln in bids went unsatisfied.

And ratings agency Moody's has warned that a downgrade for the US Federal Government is a live possibility unless it tackles its growing deficits. This comes a year after it placed the AAA rating on 'negative outlook'. Clearly it is watching this with some unease.

Across the Pacific, Japan's business activity continues to rise, largely based on a service sector that is now expanding at its fastest pace since April. Factory activity isn't expanding however, according to this PMI survey.

Taiwanese export orders rose +9.1% in August from the same month a year ago, to a nine month high.

In China, "a leading Chinese economist" and politician has called for Beijing to launch a ¥10 tln stimulus package (NZ$2.2 tln) equivalent to 8% of Chinese GDP, to tide their economy over through the rest of 2024, as credit growth and domestic demand remain drained of energy. The economist calling for this is Liu Shijin, deputy-director of the China Development Research Fund and deputy-chair of the economics committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). He has been echoed by Yu Yongding.

Responding to the plea for a jolt, the Governor of the Chinese central bank said in a rare briefing that they will cut their reserve requirement ratio by 50 bps, and likely match that again before the end of 2024. Together, these will add ¥2 tln 2024 liquidity. .He also said that the seven-day repo rate will be reduced by 20 basis points to 1.5%. And there will be a -30 bps drop in their medium term lending facility. Mortgage rates will be dropped by -50 bps and the minimum deposit on a home purchase will be dropped to 15%. They did not specify exactly when these changes will go into effect however. More here.

Although these measures have more than a whiff of panic surrounding them, clearly President Xi has given his officials a rocket to act quickly to turn around an economy stuck in a rut. And equity markets responded with their own rocket.

And so did some components of the commodities market; copper, for example. We may see more commodity action today. But we should also keep in mind the program announced yesterday is very much less than what its own experts are calling for.

Yesterday, the RBA's policy review kept its rates unchanged in the face of higher than target inflation levels. It has been four years since they have had a rate cut. But inflation remains above target and is proving persistent so their room to move is limited.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.73% and down -2 bps from yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2650/oz and up +US$32 from yesterday to yet another new all-time high.

Oil prices have risen +US$1 to US$71.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just on US$75/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 63.3 USc and up +½c from this time yesterday and its highest of the year and back to where it ended in 2023. Against the Aussie we are up +40 bps at 92 AUc. Against the euro we are up +30 bps at 56.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 70.6, and up +40 bps from yesterday and a three month high.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,216 and little-changed from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just under +/- 1.0%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Milford Asset Management’s head of KiwiSaver says KiwiSaver – the country’s voluntary retirement savings scheme which is in its 17th year – is a teenager that’s about to head into adulthood.

“I think it's the right time to have the discussions we were having at the [Financial Services Council] Conference. By and large, providers are pretty well aligned around how we can improve KiwiSaver and make it better for New Zealanders retirements,” Milford's Murray Harris says on a new episode of the Of Interest podcast.

KiwiSaver has become a bigger topic of financial conversation this year and the discussion around potential tweaks and changes to the savings scheme has become more of a ‘when they happen’ and less of an ‘if’ scenario.

At the Financial Services Council Conference in early September, KiwiSaver was a hot debate, with KiwiSaver providers discussing how New Zealanders are simply not saving enough for their retirement and the Retirement Commissioner pointing out that Kiwisaver governance lacks clarity.

Harris tells interest.co.nz that KiwiSaver has been “very successful” in attracting members and the savings scheme doesn’t have a participation problem.

The latest KiwiSaver statistics out of Inland Revenue shows over 3.36 million people are now enrolled in KiwiSaver as of July 2024 and Harris says the participation rates are highest amongst those between the age brackets of 25–34 and 35–44.  

“The participation's really good, but we have an issue around the contribution rate or the amount that people are contributing,” he says.

“Most people are doing 3%, and ... 90% of employers only do 3%. So together, those contributions are not going to be enough to get people to where they need to be for a really comfortable retirement. And I think that's the key issue. That's the real nub of it being very successful in terms of getting people interested and involved, but we're just not contributing enough.”

The Financial Markets Authority released its 2024 KiwiSaver report on Tuesday which showed total KiwiSaver contributions – this includes employee, employer and government contributions – came to $11.2 billion in the March 2024 year. This is up 6.5% from the prior year.

Harris says the KiwiSaver industry has a job to do in terms of educating its members that the current default contribution rate in KiwiSaver, which is 3%,  is a good start – but not enough to get people to where they likely think they're going to be savings wise by retirement.

“Most people think it's 3%, and that's the problem with the settings as they are. You tell people to do 3%, that's what they'll do, and they'll think that's all they need to do. But in reality, it's a lot more,” he says.

The Retirement Commission has called for a higher default contribution rate of at least 4% and says employers should be matching at this level or more. 

Harris says there are also things New Zealand can learn from “the lucky country” – Australia  – when it comes to saving for retirement.  

The minimum contribution rate for Australia’s superannuation scheme – the equivalent to NZ’s KiwiSaver scheme – is currently 11.5% for employees and employers. This is being raised to 12% in 2025.

“They've amassed a lot of assets and they've been able to reinvest those assets into the local economy. So you go to Australia, you cross some wonderful bridges, the motorway systems, the tunnels through central Sydney. Now they've been built with superannuation money and it's been a win-win because the economy moves better, industry can move their goods and services at a better pace and they've provided some great investment returns for investors, for super investors. So that's a win win. I think that's something that we could definitely learn from,” he says.

*You can find all episodes of the Of Interest podcast here.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news the global expansion seems to be getting more uneven.

In the US, the good economic data keeps on coming. They reported a healthy PMI expansion in September, driven primarily by their service sector which is now expanding its fastest since March 2022.

And the Chicago Fed's National Activity Index surprised with an unexpected gain in August.

And because there is now less than a week until the end of Q3-2024, the estimates now see an expanding economy rising at between a +2 and +3% rate 'real', and keeping up the pace of expansion that shows no sign of slacking. On a 'real', inflation-adjusted basis, the Trump economy grew +2.8% in his four year term. On the same 'real' basis the Biden economy has grown just on +10% during his 3½ years so far.

So it may seem a bit odd that the heads of the regional Fed banks in Chicago, Minneapolis, and Atlanta all said, at a conference yesterday, they recommend more rate cuts.

India's economy is still expanding fast in September, according to the same PMI survey results. However, the pace isn't quite as fast as they had in August.

Singapore said its August inflation rate fell to 2.2% in August from 2.4% in the prior two months, matching market forecasts and notching the lowest level since April 2021, as food prices stayed at their lowest in over two years.

China's September PMIs aren't released until next week. But they may not be great.

China's car dealers are pleading for government help as demand softens fast.

So in China yesterday, their central bank unexpectedly lowered the 14-day reverse repurchase rate by -10 bps to 1.85% yesterday. They also injected ¥75 bln in liquidity into the banking system. And they pumped in up to another ¥160 bln via 7-day reverse repos, but kept the rate unchanged at 1.7%.

And in another unusual step, their central bank said its boss will give a unique briefing later today on "financial support for economic development".

Also not great were EU PMIs. Their service sector is still expanding, but not as fast and service activity is now at a 7 month low. Their factory sector is actually contracting and at a nine month low. Leading them down is Germany.

The flash Australia Manufacturing PMI fell further into contraction in September, an eighth consecutive month of contraction in manufacturing activity and at the fastest drop since May 2020. New orders and production also fell at the quickest pace in 52 months amid softening demand conditions. Their service sector expansion has almost evaporated, according to this same survey.

And staying in Australia, their competition regulator is taking on the two dominant and giant supermarket chains (Coles & Woolworths), alleging that ‘Prices Dropped’ and ‘Down Down’ claims and the like are actually misleading.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.75% and up +2 bps from yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2628/oz and up +US$7 from yesterday to a new all-time high again.

Oil prices have dipped -50 bps to US$70.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just under US$74/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 62.8 USc and up +40 bps from this time yesterday and near its highest of the year. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 91.6 AUc. Against the euro we are up +½c at 56.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 70.2, and up +30 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,245 and +0.3% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.8%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news a risk-on shift will start the week in most major economies.

As we wind down September this week here, into both school holidays upcoming and daylight saving on the weekend, the key focus will shift to Fonterra's results on Wednesday, and local consumer sentiment on Friday.

And tomorrow the RBA will review its monetary policy settings including its cash rate target. Despite the continuing inflation pressures, no-one really expects them to alter their existing 4.35% policy rate this time. Oddly that comes a day before they release their August monthly CPI report, which is expected to slip from 3.5% to 3.1%. They hope so at least. And a day after that they release their Financial Stability Report.

In the US, the key focus will be on PCE prices, personal income and spending reports. They are expected to validate the Fed rate-cut move. And they will release their final Q2 GDP report, PMI data, consumer confidence, durable goods orders, and both new and pending home sales data too. There will be September PMI reports from many other economies as well.

Over the weekend, China left its loan prime rates unchanged in its September fixing, as expected. These remain at record lows.

And their 'youth' (16-24) unemployment rate was 18.8% in August according to official data, the highest since they changed the basis of this stat in January. They say their general jobless rate is 5.4%, and that too is its highest in a year.

And don't forget, next week is China's National Day Golden Week from October 1 to October 7. Most businesses and factories in China will be closed for the holiday. This extended shutdown will significantly impact international supply chains.

Japan reported 3.0% CPI inflation in August, up from 2.8% in the prior three months. It is their highest level since October 2023. Japanese inflation now seems well embedded, after decades of deflation.

The Japanese central bank left its 0.25% policy rate unchanged, as expected late on Friday. They said "Japan's economy is likely to keep growing at a pace above its potential growth rate, with overseas economies continuing to grow moderately and as a virtuous cycle from income to spending gradually intensifies against the background of factors such as accommodative financial conditions." But press conference remarks after the release suggests that the Bank has turned dovish, so expectations for more rate hikes are lower now.

India's economic surge is built on aggressive borrowing. Loan growth is running higher than +13% from the same month a year ago, even if that is lower than the almost 20% rate it was running in the same month in 2023.

Canadian retail sales rose more strongly than expected in July, up +0.9% from a year ago when a +0.6% rise was expected. A key driver was car sales. And these retail rises are expected to continue as a new sense of optimism grows in Canada.

Consumer sentiment in the EU continues to rise, in spite of their obvious economic struggles. In fact, it is almost back to its long-run average levels, something it hasn't managed since the pandemic period.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.74% and up +1 from Saturday. But that is up +8 bps from a week ago.

The price of gold will start today at US$2621/oz and up +US$1 from Saturday to near a new all-time high again. That is a +1.5% rise from a week ago when it was US$2582/oz.

Oil prices are unchanged at US$71/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is still just on US$74.50/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 62.4 USc and little-changed from Saturday but up +80 bps from a week ago. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 91.6 AUc. Against the euro we are still at 55.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 69.9, unchanged from Saturday but up +60 bps from a week ago.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,055 and +0.9% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just on +/- 0.8%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

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Kia ora,

Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news stock markets are roaring today after the US Fed rate cut, many, including Wall Street, powering up to record highs. And interest rate curves are steepening.

But first, the actual number of people making initial unemployment benefit claims in the US dropped from the previous week to 185,000 last week, significantly lower than the expected 230,000, and a 4-month low. There are now 1.68 mln people on these benefits, also a decrease.

Meanwhile the Philly Fed factory survey reported improved conditions in the rust-belt states in September. Although the new orders component didn't rise, the sentiment indexes for the future all did.

But not rising is their real estate market. Existing home sales fell -2.5% in August from the previous month, the fourth decline of the year. It was down -4.2% from the same month a year ago. The fall happened despite the drop in mortgage rates in the period. And the median existing-home sales price fell too, to US$416,900 (NZ$670,000). The inventory of unsold housing rose rose to 18 weeks of sales at the latest rate, rising from 15.6 weeks in the prior month.

But one thing the Fed rate cut did was suddenly drop home loan interest rates, falling more than -25 bps in the first day to 6.09% for their benchmark mortgage. It is likely to go sharly lower tomorrow again.

The US current account deficit widened slightly to -3.7% of GDP in Q2-2024. That is entirely manageable, especially as the USD is still the world's reserve currency. (For comparison, the New Zealand current account deficit is running at -6.7% of our GDP - and we are certainly not a reserve currency.)

Overnight there were central bank rate decisions in both Taiwan and England. Both made no changes. Perhaps the Taiwanese one was a bit of a surprise because they tend to follow the US Fed's moves. Later today Japan will also review rates, and no change in their rate is expected either. But markets will be looking for signals about when the next rise is coming.

Will the start of the rate easing cycle trigger an economic upside? Certainly some commodities markets think so. And they also expect China to come to the party soon with new emergency stimulus, which would be another boost.

In Hong Kong, a man was jailed for 14 months for wearing a t-shirt with a protest message.

In Australia, their number of workers without a job fell by -10,500 to 627,000, or an unchanged 4.2% of their workforce. Even though employment rose by much more than the expected +25,000, the number of new part-time roles rose +47,500 and the number of new full-time roles fell -3,100 in August. Almost 31% of all Aussie jobs are now part-time. (In New Zealand it is barely touching 20%.)

The overall jobs growth in Australia has analysts thinking that the RBA will delay any move to cut rates there any time soon. But a rise doesn't seem on the cards either, despite their outlier sticky inflation.

Container freight rates fell another -5% last week, taking them back to where they were at the start of the year. But they remain 180% higher than the average 2019 pre-pandemic rate. The Panama issues are resolved, but the Suez/Red Sea issues are not. The shipping industry is adjusting to that new reality however. Bulk cargo rates fell -3.6% over the past week and are now themselves +30% higher than year-ago levels. As we all know, for both there has been a lot of volatility in between and that volatility has probably not ended.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.73% and up +2 bps from this time yesterday. The key 2-10 yield curve is now +14 bps positive. 

Wall Street is surging today with the S&P500 up +1.8% from yesterday after the Fed decision. Overnight, European markets were all up too, but with varying enthusiasm. Tokyo ended its Thursday trade up is own strong +2.1%. Shanghai was up a more modest +0.7. But Hong Kong closed up +2.0%. Singapore was up +1.1%. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2589/oz and up +US$14 from yesterday's high to near a new all-time high again.

Oil prices are up +US$1.50 at US$72/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is still just under US$75/bbl.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 62.5 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 91.6 AUc although all of that before the Fed. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 56 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 69.9, and up +10 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$63,817 and up another strong +5.6% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been high at just on +/- 3.6%.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Audio soundtrack opening is licensed from Shutterstock, Track 1219389 Monetization ID TFGEPGEI0LHEIJAI

Kia ora,

Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.

I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.

Today we lead with news of a big call by the US Federal Reserve.

First up you should know that the US Fed cut its benchmark policy rates by -50 bps, to the 4.75%-5.00% range, a larger cut that most professional observers had anticipated, but in line with some advance financial market pricing. (And it might be notable, that for the first time in almost 20 years, one voting member dissented, preferring only a -25 bps cut.)

They say the key to the cut is their "greater confidence" that inflation is beaten.

The Fed’s so-called dot plot, which they use to signal its outlook for the path of interest rates, shows the median 2024 year-end projection for the federal funds rate fell to 4.38%. That implies another -50 bps in cuts are coming soon. The median estimate for the end of 2025 decreased to 3.38%.

Markets initially reacted with Wall Street rising, commodity prices rising, the USD falling, and UST bond yields moving relatively little at the long end but dipping at the short end. But conviction in these early market moves seems to be wavering.

Of course, the US Fed isn't the first to cut rates in this cycle. We have already seen them from the ECB, Canada and England. And yesterday, Indonesia delivered a surprise rate cut. But now the Fed has moved, and decisively, many others will no doubt follow. Global rates are in a clear easing cycle, now that inflation seems to have been tamed.

American mortgage applications leapt +14% last week from a week earlier, the fourth consecutive gain, marking the sharpest increase since the 18-month high of almost +17% in mid-August. The surge in home loan demand tracked the fall in borrowing costs, with the average interest rate on a benchmark mortgage falling by -14 bps from the earlier week to a two-year low of 6.15%.

And there was a good (but not great) rise in American housing starts in August. They were up almost +10% from the previous month to an annualised rate of 1.36 mln units in the month, firmly above market expectations of 1.31 mln units, and rebounding from the near 7% plunge in the previous period. It was the sharpest increase in nine months. Starts of single-family homes rose by nearly +16%. Despite all that, housing starts are still -6.5% below the year-ago level.

Japanese exports rose +5.6% from a year ago in August, slowing sharply from a 10.2% rise in July and falling short of market forecasts of another 10% rise. But it was the ninth successive month of increased export shipments.

In China, and in another sign of worsening tensions, China has 'blocked' a Taiwanese company manager from returning home, essentially kidnapping him at the border.

But that is minor compared to the economic signals. Mid-Autumn Festival mooncake sales were reportedly quite weak; celebrations didn't deliver the expected boost.

In the UK, they delivered another tame inflation result for August. It was unchanged from July at 2.2% and as markets expectation. The largest upward contributions came from the almost +12% rise in air fares, mainly for European routes. The most significant falls came for petrol and other energy costs.

The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 3.71% and up +7 bps from this time yesterday. 

The price of gold will start today at US$2575/oz and up +US$9 from yesterday's high to a new all-time high. This price jumped after the Fed decision to almost US$2600 but has since fallen back

Oil prices are down -US$1 at US$70.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is still just under US$73/bbl. Trading is active post the US Fed, but net movements are lower.

The Kiwi dollar starts today at 62.4 USc and up +60 bps from yesterday after the US Fed decision although softening subsequently. Against the Aussie we are up +20 bps at 91.8 AUc although all of that before the Fed. Against the euro we are up +30 bps at 55.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 69.8, and up +40 bps from yesterday.

The bitcoin price starts today at US$60,835 and up +4.9% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been high at just on +/- 3.3%.

Join us at 10:45am this morning when we will be covering the Q2-2024 GDP release.

You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.

You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.

Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Audio soundtrack opening is licensed from Shutterstock, Track 1219389 Monetization ID TFGEPGEI0LHEIJAI