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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K975: Deadly Quake Rocks Myanmar

Highlights 主題摘要：

• Myanmar's position at the intersection of four tectonic plates makes it extremely vulnerable to powerful earthquakes with devastating consequences.
• The "super shear" earthquake traveled faster than normal seismic waves, causing destruction even 1,000km away in Bangkok.
• The earthquake has worsened Myanmar's humanitarian crisis, with millions affected and international aid efforts complicated by ongoing civil conflict.

The catastrophic 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Myanmar on March 28 has claimed over 3,000 lives and devastated communities across Southeast Asia. Centered near Mandalay, Myanmar's second-largest city, this shallow earthquake occurred just 10km below the surface, allowing intense seismic activity to spread far beyond the immediate impact zone.
這場於3月28日襲擊緬甸的7.7級災難性地震已奪走超過3,000條生命，並摧毀了東南亞多個社區。震央位於緬甸第二大城市曼德勒附近，這次淺層地震發生在地表下僅10公里處，使得強烈的地震活動得以擴散至遠超即時衝擊區域的地方。

Myanmar's unique geological position at the intersection of four tectonic plates—the Eurasian, Indian, Sunda, and Burma microplate—makes it extraordinarily vulnerable to seismic events. The earthquake originated along the Sagaing fault, a massive 1,200km crack running north-south through the country. Scientists have classified this as a rare "super shear" earthquake, where the rupture traveled at approximately 5km per second—faster than seismic waves can move through the earth. This phenomenon created a buildup of energy that propelled southward, explaining why tremors were felt with such intensity in Bangkok, over 1,000km from the epicenter. The Thai capital's soft soil foundation further amplified these seismic waves, intensifying the ground movement and causing the dramatic collapse of an unfinished high-rise building.
緬甸位於四個板塊交會處的獨特地質位置—歐亞板塊（Eurasian）、印度板塊（Indian）、巽他板塊（Sunda）和緬甸板塊（Burma microplate）—使其極易受到地震事件的影響。這次地震起源沿著實皆斷層（Sagaing fault）發生，這是一條貫穿該國南北長達1,200公里的巨大裂縫。科學家將此歸類為罕見的「超剪切」地震，破裂以約每秒5公里的速度在其中傳播—比地震波在地球中移動的速度更快。這種現象造成能量積累並向南推進，解釋了為何在震央以外超過1,000公里的曼谷仍能感受到如此強烈的震動。泰國首都的軟土基礎進一步放大了這些地震波，加劇了地面運動並導致一座未完工的高層建築物戲劇性地倒塌。

The humanitarian crisis continues to escalate daily as recovery efforts reveal more victims. Myanmar's Information Minister reports 4,589 injuries and 221 people still missing. According to UN assessments, over 17 million people across 57 townships have been affected, with more than 9 million facing severe impact. The healthcare system has been crippled, with four hospitals completely destroyed and another 32 partially damaged. International medical teams, including mobile hospitals from India and a joint Russian-Belarusian facility, have begun operations in Mandalay, but access to healthcare remains nearly impossible in many devastated areas.
隨著救援工作發現更多受害者，人道主義危機每天持續升級。緬甸新聞部長報告有4,589人受傷，221人仍然失蹤。根據聯合國評估，超過57個鎮區的1,700多萬人受到影響，其中900多萬人面臨嚴重影響。醫療系統已經癱瘓，四家醫院完全被摧毀，另有32家部分受損。國際醫療隊伍，包括來自印度的移動醫院和俄羅斯-白俄羅斯聯合設施，已經在曼德勒開始運作，但在許多受災嚴重的地區，獲得醫療服務仍然幾乎不可能。

The earthquake has compounded Myanmar's existing humanitarian emergency. Since the military seized power in 2021, the country has been embroiled in civil conflict, with over 3 million people already displaced before the disaster. In response to the crisis, the military government has announced a temporary ceasefire until April 22, with several opposition groups declaring similar pauses in fighting. However, local media reports suggest clashes continue in some regions, particularly in Kachin state.
這次地震加劇了緬甸現有的人道主義緊急情況。自從2021年軍方奪取政權以來，該國一直捲入內戰，災難發生前已有超過300萬人流離失所。為應對危機，軍政府宣布暫時停火至4月22日，數個反對組織也宣布類似的戰鬥暫停。然而，當地媒體報導顯示，某些地區，特別是克欽邦（Kachin state），衝突仍在繼續。

As temperatures reach 40°C, emergency shelters are being hastily constructed in open fields to house those displaced. International aid is arriving, with supplies and rescue teams from 17 countries now operating alongside local efforts. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has appointed special envoys to assess the situation and has urgently appealed for increased international funding, warning that "the earthquake has supercharged the suffering" in a country already facing extreme challenges, with the approaching monsoon season threatening to further complicate recovery efforts.
當氣溫達到 40°C 時，緊急避難所正在開闊地帶匆忙搭建，以安置那些流離失所的人。國際援助正在抵達，來自17個國家的物資和救援隊伍現在正與當地努力共同運作。聯合國秘書長安東尼歐・古特瑞斯已任命特使評估情況，並緊急呼籲增加國際資金，警告「地震已經加劇了痛苦」，在一個已經面臨極端挑戰的國家，即將到來的雨季威脅則進一步使恢復工作複雜化。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

1. Catastrophic (Cat-a-stroph-ic) [adjective. causing terrible damage]: The catastrophic 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Myanmar on March 28 has claimed over 3,000 lives and devastated communities across Southeast Asia.
2. Rupture (Rup-ture) [noun. a break or burst]: The rupture traveled at approximately 5km per second—faster than seismic waves can move through the earth.
3. Humanitarian (Hu-man-i-tar-i-an) [adjective. connected to improving people's lives and reducing suffering]: The humanitarian crisis continues to escalate daily as recovery efforts reveal more victims.
4. Devastated (Dev-as-tat-ed) [verb. completely destroyed or damaged]: The healthcare system has been devastated, with four hospitals completely destroyed and another 32 partially damaged.
5. Constructed (Con-struct-ed) [verb. built or made]: Emergency shelters are being hastily constructed in open fields to house those displaced.

Reference article:
1. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d4dn18nzgo
2. https://apnews.com/article/myanmar-thailand-earthquake-71d51dfc7339e017b1d116c105effab4