In this comprehensive session, Eric Kaiser walks through the critical importance of establishing proper user requirements before making equipment purchases. Drawing from real-world experiences in the HVAC industry, he demonstrates how poor upfront planning leads to costly mistakes, buyer's remorse, and multiple equipment purchases. The discussion covers everything from selecting simple tools like screwdrivers to complex HVAC system installations for residential and commercial applications.

Eric begins with relatable examples that everyone can understand - like buying screwdrivers that don't do the job you need them for, leading to accumulating multiple tools over time. He then escalates to more serious scenarios, sharing a story about a company that spent significant money switching business software twice because they failed to identify a crucial missing feature upfront. This pattern of inadequate planning costs businesses and homeowners thousands of dollars and countless hours of frustration.

The heart of the presentation focuses on a structured approach to equipment selection that prioritizes needs over wants. Eric introduces a step-by-step process that includes defining intended use, conducting thorough assessments, categorizing requirements as needs versus wants, and performing systematic candidate evaluation. He demonstrates this methodology using electrical meter selection, showing how 38 potential options can be narrowed down to just two viable candidates through careful analysis of features like amperage capability, True RMS measurement, and accuracy requirements.

The session expands into HVAC system selection, where the stakes are much higher. Participants share valuable insights about customer expectations, from wanting to know when quiet systems are running (leading to flag solutions on registers) to dealing with customers who expect their new heat pump to feel as warm as their old poorly-designed system. Eric emphasizes that understanding customer expectations often differs from understanding their stated wants, requiring skilled questioning to uncover the real requirements for comfort, noise levels, and operational preferences.

Key Topics Covered

• The Cost of Poor Planning: Real examples of expensive mistakes from inadequate user requirements, including business software failures and HVAC mismatches
• Structured Selection Process: Step-by-step methodology for equipment selection from initial use definition through final verification and purchase
• Needs vs. Wants Prioritization: Framework for distinguishing between essential requirements and desirable features to avoid decision paralysis
• Electrical Meter Selection: Detailed walkthrough showing how to narrow 38 options to 2 viable candidates using systematic evaluation criteria
• HVAC System Selection Complexities: Load calculations, customer expectation management, and the importance of understanding actual usage patterns
• Customer Psychology and Expectations: Understanding why customers may want noise from systems, visual confirmation of operation, and familiar operational feel
• Commercial Equipment Considerations: Rooftop unit replacement challenges, curb adapters, crane access, and the complexity of retrofit installations
• Installation and Commissioning: The critical role of proper system setup, customer training, and setting realistic expectations for new equipment operation
• Risk Assessment in Selection: How complexity and potential failure costs should determine the formality and thoroughness of your selection process
• Data Collection for Future Decisions: The value of documenting system performance during routine maintenance to inform future replacement decisions
• Hidden Costs and Considerations: Factors like electrical requirements, ductwork compatibility, equipment accessibility, and service support that impact long-term ownership costs

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this short podcast episode, Bryan explains the science behind a common HVAC simile: static pressure is like blood pressure. He covers the similarities and differences between measuring static pressure during a service call or maintenance and a doctor measuring your blood pressure at a checkup.

Total external static pressure (TESP) should be measured every time you perform service or maintenance on a unit. The exact test port location will vary between air handlers and furnaces; the coil adds extra pressure drop in furnace applications. You need to pick a coil that has the lowest static pressure drop (same consideration as filters). Typically, the lower the pressure drop, the better. Make sure you use proper ports for static pressure testing when you do make those holes.

Static pressure isn't airflow itself. It can help diagnose airflow issues or give indications, but it doesn't measure the CFM. Static pressure is a balloon-type pressure exerted on the walls of the duct. Just as high blood pressure doesn't mean your heart is pumping more blood than it should, a high static pressure doesn't mean your blower is moving a lot of air; both can indicate restrictions.

You also don't want an extremely low static pressure, either. It could indicate that airflow is weak, just like a very low blood pressure indicates that the heart isn't pumping as it should. If you want to know your system airflow, you should use TEC's TrueFlow grid. However, static pressure is particularly good at measuring trends so that you can see where the numbers deviate from the norm for each individual system.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this comprehensive episode, Bryan Orr sits down with Tim De Stasio to explore the world of comfort consulting and performance contracting in HVAC. Tim, who sold his contracting company to focus on this specialized field, shares his methodical approach to diagnosing home performance issues that go far beyond traditional HVAC troubleshooting. Working primarily in the humid coastal North Carolina market, Tim has developed a thorough process that treats the house as a complete system rather than just focusing on equipment.

Tim's journey into comfort consulting began when he recognized the value of comprehensive home performance testing after seeing the work of practitioners like Michael Housh. His approach combines ethical selling with rigorous testing and data collection, allowing him to stand behind his recommendations with confidence. Unlike traditional HVAC service calls that might only involve checking refrigerant levels, Tim's comfort consultations can take an entire day and involve extensive testing protocols that examine everything from building pressure to thermal imaging.

The conversation reveals how this type of work requires a fundamental shift in thinking - from being an equipment-focused technician to becoming more like a field engineer or building scientist. Tim emphasizes the importance of having repeatable processes and comprehensive checklists, using tools like Safety Culture app to document findings with photos, notes, and annotations. His methodology starts with a detailed pre-visit questionnaire and includes preparing clients for what will be a very different experience from typical HVAC service calls.

Perhaps most importantly, Tim demonstrates how proper diagnostics can lead to ethical sales opportunities. By using tools like blower door tests, thermal imaging, building pressure measurements, and comprehensive system evaluations, he can provide clients with data-driven recommendations prioritized by impact and return on investment. His approach includes a two-week period for analysis before delivering final recommendations, ensuring thoughtful conclusions rather than rushed judgments.

Topics Covered

• The Business Model of Comfort Consulting - How Tim structures his three-pronged business: home performance testing/comfort consultations, HVAC design for contractors, and training
• Preparing Clients for the Process - Using pre-visit questionnaires, YouTube videos, and setting proper expectations for an all-day, disruptive home evaluation
• Comprehensive Visual Assessment - The "hands in pockets" approach, starting with exterior building examination including gutters, downspouts, vent terminations, and moisture issues
• Interior Documentation Process - Room-by-room photo documentation, thermal imaging for missing insulation and thermal bridging, and moisture meter readings
• Crawl Space and Attic Inspections - What to look for in foundation issues, vapor barriers, insulation conditions, and air sealing problems
• Ventilation System Testing - Using flow boxes to measure bathroom fan performance, checking kitchen exhaust, and verifying dryer connections
• Building Pressure Testing Protocols - Stack effect measurements, worst-case depressurization testing, dominant duct leakage assessment, and building pressure balance testing
• Blower Door Testing Procedures - Proper setup, safety considerations, CFM50 vs ACH50 measurements, and using results for Manual J calculations
• Thermal Imaging During Depressurization - Advanced techniques for identifying air leakage paths and problem areas throughout the building envelope
• HVAC System Performance Analysis - Using Measure Quick for comprehensive system evaluation, comparing load calculations to nameplate capacity and delivered performance
• Indoor Air Quality Monitoring - Integration of Haven Central monitors for long-term data collection and analysis
• Report Generation and Client Communication - Creating field reports vs. final reports, prioritizing recommendations by impact and ROI
• Testing Out and Verification - The importance of return visits to quantify improvements and validate work performed

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about non-bleed TXVs and whether they need hard starts.

A non-bleed (hard shutoff) TXV is a metering device that shuts off during the off cycle; it closes shut when there is no superheat. This strategy prevents refrigerant migration, especially in cases where we have long line sets. Liquid refrigerant stays in the condenser and is kept out of the evaporator, suction line, and compressor crankcase.

When we have a non-bleed TXV, the compressor may have a hard time starting under the conditions created by the hard shutoff TXV (high head pressure, low suction pressure). Reciprocating compressors are more likely to have this problem than a scroll or rotary compressor. If you have a short line set, 230+ voltage, and a scroll compressor, you probably won't need a hard start kit. You may need a hard start kit if you have a reciprocating compressor, a longer line set, or 208V power.

The OEM will recommend a hard start kit that is suitable for the equipment. Aftermarket hard start kits are okay if a compressor is old and struggling, but they're not the preferred option and should be as close to the OEM's recommendation as possible. Hard start kits typically consist of a start capacitor and a potential relay. Positive-temperature coefficient resistors (PTCRs) also exist, and these have a resistor that heats up and eventually takes them out of the circuit. Hard start kits should not be added to inverter-driven equipment and are not meant to compensate for voltage drop issues; they can cause more harm than good if they're used when they're not necessary or not used correctly.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this essential episode, Bryan sits down with Jeff and Tom from Copeland to dive deep into the world of scroll compressors and the critical topic of refrigerant compatibility. As the HVAC industry navigates new refrigerant standards and regulations, understanding how compressors are specifically designed and optimized for different refrigerants has never been more important.

The conversation begins with a comprehensive overview of refrigerant classifications, focusing on the A1, A2L, and A3 categories that technicians are encountering in the field. Jeff and Tom dispel common misconceptions, particularly around A2L refrigerants and their relationship to propane (R-290), clarifying that A2L refrigerants like R-454B and R-32 do not contain propane despite widespread confusion in the industry. They explain how regulatory pressures around Global Warming Potential (GWP) limits are driving the transition to these new refrigerants, with targets under 700 GWP for air conditioning applications.

The technical discussion covers the fundamental operating principles of scroll compressors and why they've become the dominant technology in HVAC applications. With over 200 million scroll compressors sold by Copeland, the technology has proven its reliability and efficiency. However, the guests emphasize a crucial point that many in the industry overlook: each compressor is specifically optimized for particular refrigerants. This isn't just about basic compatibility – it's about precision engineering to meet efficiency requirements and ensure long-term reliability. The scroll geometry, oil viscosity, and internal components are all carefully matched to each refrigerant's unique properties.

Safety takes center stage throughout the discussion, with both guests stressing that while A2L refrigerants are "mildly flammable," they require heightened safety practices that were previously considered best practices but are now mandatory. This includes nitrogen purging during brazing, proper evacuation procedures, comprehensive leak testing, and thorough documentation. The conversation also touches on the practical challenges contractors have faced, including refrigerant availability issues, while maintaining the importance of following proper procedures regardless of supply chain difficulties.

Topics Covered:

• Refrigerant Classifications: A1 (non-flammable), A2L (slightly flammable), and A3 (flammable) categories and their safety implications
• Compressor Optimization: How scroll compressors are specifically engineered for each refrigerant, including R-454B and R-32 applications
• New Compressor Naming Conventions: Introduction of "Y" series compressors for A2L and A3 refrigerants, replacing the traditional "Z" series
• Oil Viscosity Requirements: Different POE oil specifications (32 vs 46 viscosity) for various refrigerants and temperature conditions
• Safety Protocols: Enhanced safety requirements for A2L refrigerants, including mandatory nitrogen purging and leak testing procedures
• Glide Characteristics: Understanding temperature glide in R-454B (2.4 degrees) versus single-component R-32
• Refrigeration Applications: Multi-refrigerant capability in commercial refrigeration compressors and natural refrigerant trends
• Service Compressor Strategy: LX series compressors designed to cover multiple R-410A applications for aftermarket needs
• Regulatory Timeline: Upcoming January 1, 2026 GWP limits for supermarket refrigeration systems
• Tools and Resources: Copeland Mobile app for compressor selection, cross-referencing, and technical specifications
• Training Importance: Critical need for enhanced technician education and OEM-specific training programs

Visit the EPA's website to stay up to date on the latest HFC phasedown rulings and information at https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction.

Keep up with Copeland at https://www.copeland.com/ and on their Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan explains how leaky ducts can lead to sweaty, uncomfortable houses.

Moisture issues are common all across humid and "green-grass" climates in the United States. Hot, unconditioned attics and crawl spaces also often have high dew points, which can cause moisture problems in those spaces. Plants also release moisture, so agricultural communities also have those special considerations. There are several HVAC and building design factors that can prevent or worsen growth from moisture problems. Duct leakage is one of those factors.

Return and supply leaks can cause moisture to enter the ductwork. Return leaks suck in air from around the leak. Supply leaks create a pressure differential that can cause mechanically-driven infiltration (MAD-AIR); when a supply duct leak puts the attic under positive pressure, somewhere else has to go under negative pressure. There are lots of gaps and cracks around boots and can lights, which provides pathways for hot, moist air to seep into the envelope. Longer runtimes and keeping the fan on will worsen these conditions.

We need to control the source of moisture and then seal the ducts and boots before we focus on the equipment. Visual inspections at the connections and boots will go a long way, but there are also plenty of tools for testing duct leakage, especially by Retrotec and TEC. You can also measure house pressure to the outdoors with the air handler running and all the doors closed, but that's a qualitative measurement that has a lot of other variables to consider.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this insightful episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan Orr sits down with successful small business owner Matt Bruner to discuss how to build and maintain a thriving HVAC business without the typical stress and overwhelming challenges that many entrepreneurs face. Matt, who has been running his own HVAC company for about two and a half years, shares his refreshingly honest perspective on small business ownership and debunks many of the common myths about entrepreneurial stress.

Matt's journey from technician to business owner offers a compelling alternative to the traditional "grow fast or fail" mentality that pervades much of the business world. His approach centers on building a business aligned with personal values, particularly the desire to maintain work-life balance while still delivering excellent technical service. Rather than focusing on rapid expansion, fancy equipment, or impressive marketing, Matt chose to start lean, borrow minimal money (only $10,000 from his father for a van down payment), and grow organically while keeping overhead low and stress manageable.

The conversation delves deep into the financial discipline required for successful business ownership, emphasizing the critical importance of separating personal and business finances, understanding your true hourly costs, and charging appropriately from day one. Matt candidly discusses his learning curve with business finances, from initially relying on advice from online communities to eventually working with a business coach and reading key books like "Profit First" to truly understand the numbers behind his operation. Both hosts stress that financial literacy isn't optional for business owners—it's a learnable skill that requires dedication but isn't as intimidating as many people believe.

Throughout the discussion, both Bryan and Matt emphasize that there's no single "right" way to build a successful contracting business. While some entrepreneurs thrive on rapid growth, multiple locations, and eventual private equity buyouts, others find fulfillment in staying small, maintaining direct customer relationships, and focusing on technical excellence. The key is knowing yourself, understanding your values, and building a business structure that supports your personal and professional goals rather than chasing someone else's definition of success.

• Personality traits that support successful small business ownership - The importance of being naturally critical, curious, and willing to take control of your destiny
• Financial discipline and money management - Separating personal and business finances, understanding billable hours vs. total work time, and charging appropriately from the start
• Starting lean and avoiding debt - Matt's approach of borrowing minimal money, using magnets instead of van wraps, and subcontracting initially to build capital
• The learning curve of business finances - Books and resources that helped Matt understand accounting basics, profit margins, and business financial planning
• Work-life balance in business ownership - How to build a business that serves your lifestyle goals rather than consuming your entire life
• Choosing your business model - The difference between lifestyle businesses and growth-focused companies, and why both approaches can be successful
• Technical work vs. business management - Balancing hands-on HVAC work with administrative tasks and knowing when to delegate or systematize
• Pricing strategies and customer relationships - How proper pricing from the beginning actually reduces customer complaints and builds a sustainable business model
• Common mistakes to avoid - Poor financial decisions, mixing personal and business expenses, undercharging, and chasing other people's business models
• Building systems and staying organized - Using checklists, scheduling business development time, and creating processes to prevent important tasks from falling through the cracks
• Partnership considerations - The challenges and benefits of starting a business with partners or family members versus going solo
• Long-term sustainability - How to avoid burnout, maintain quality standards, and build a business you can operate for decades

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this business and building-oriented short podcast episode, Bryan discusses the limitations and downsides of intentionality. He also talks about the differences between people who act, think, and work quickly and those who are a bit slower, more detailed, and more methodical; there are upsides and downsides to both.

People often talk about being intentional, but those intentions have little impact on the world unless they lead to action. Intentionality feels productive, but it doesn't make a difference unless the execution piece is also there. Likewise, skills come from action, not aspiration. Books and podcasts are tools that support efforts to improve, but you can't improve skills without practicing.

There is also the career paradox: we expect people, especially kids, to know what they want to do when they grow up. Their answers aren't backed by any real-life experience. People do the same as adults; we expect them to know what they truly want to do when they haven't necessarily been challenged (or physically made something real or fixed something with their hands). In many of these cases, opportunism and trying new things out, even if it means messing up or being criticized, are more important than intentionality.

It helps to think of opportunism in terms of "hat" decisions, "hairstyle" decisions, and "tattoo" decisions. "Hat" decisions are things you can try out without consequences; be opportunistic. "Hairstyle" decisions have longer-lasting effects and require a bit more intentionality, but it's still good to make some of these decisions. "Tattoo" decisions have lasting effects and require intentionality.

Intentionality is most useful when we have the experience already; act first and reflect later.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this fascinating episode, Bryan welcomes back longtime friend and nuclear industry veteran Bill Nowicki to discuss a recently released document from DHS and NUSTL that provides new recommendations for HVAC operations during nuclear events. Bill brings over 40 years of nuclear experience, starting as a 19-year-old Navy nuclear operator (after being deemed "not ready for the grill" at Friendly's restaurant) and progressing through various roles, including lead engineer on critical control systems at nuclear facilities. Bill shares his journey from nuclear plant evaluator to leadership trainer, now working internationally to help nuclear professionals develop their skills. His current podcast, "The Nuclear Leader," continues this mission alongside his passion project, "Navigating Mental Illness: Parent Stories."

Bill provides an accessible explanation of nuclear reactor operations, using the analogy that "contamination is the poop and radiation is the smell" to help listeners understand the difference between radioactive material and radiation itself. He walks through the three-barrier system in nuclear plants: fuel cladding, reactor coolant system, and containment structures. The discussion covers how fission works, the controlled chain reaction process, and what happens when these systems fail, using examples from Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima to illustrate different failure modes.

The episode explores the current nuclear renaissance driven by AI data centers and industrial companies seeking clean baseload power. Bill explains how private industry is now directly funding nuclear projects, bypassing traditional utility structures, with companies like Microsoft and ExxonMobil investing billions in new nuclear facilities. This represents a dramatic shift from the post-Three Mile Island era when nuclear construction essentially stopped in the United States.

The core discussion focuses on updated emergency guidance that reverses previous recommendations. Instead of the old "shelter in place and shut off your AC" advice, the new guidance suggests keeping HVAC systems running while eliminating outdoor air intake. This approach recognizes that modern, well-sealed buildings with high-efficiency filtration can provide better protection by maintaining positive pressure and filtering recirculated air rather than allowing uncontrolled infiltration.

Bill and Bryan discuss how building characteristics dramatically affect the best response strategy. High-performance homes with tight construction, MERV 13+ filters, and controlled ventilation systems offer significant advantages, requiring only the ability to shut off outdoor air intake. Conversely, older, leaky buildings may still benefit from complete system shutdown to prevent contamination circulation. The conversation highlights how lessons learned during COVID-19 about airborne contamination and filtration directly apply to nuclear emergency preparedness, emphasizing the importance of case-by-case analysis rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.

Topics Covered

• Nuclear industry career paths - From Navy nuclear training to civilian plant operations and leadership roles
• Basic nuclear physics - Fission process, chain reactions, and the difference between contamination and radiation
• Nuclear plant safety systems - Three-barrier containment approach and historical accident analysis
• Current nuclear renaissance - AI-driven power demand and private industry investment in new reactors
• Emergency preparedness evolution - How COVID-19 research influenced nuclear emergency HVAC guidance
• Building performance factors - Impact of construction quality, filtration, and ventilation design on safety
• HVAC system modifications - Importance of outdoor air shutoff capability and high-efficiency filtration
• Case-by-case response strategies - Why building characteristics determine optimal emergency procedures
• Podcasting journey - Early days of niche podcasting and building communities around specialized topics
• Leadership development - International nuclear industry training and professional development
• Personal stories - Navy submarine experiences and nuclear plant operational challenges

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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In this short podcast episode about a bigger-picture topic, Bryan talks about making stuff real. He talks about how to make ideas, businesses, podcasts, and other large projects come to life based on his experiences with HVAC School, Kalos, and several other current and past projects.

Understanding yourself and the thing you want to do is the first key to making things real. You need to be able to speak intelligently about a topic (without sounding pretentious); mastery isn't always the goal, but you need to have some level of understanding of the general topic and your own strengths and weaknesses. Starting a business requires you to acquire at least a working knowledge of software, compliance, insurance, licenses, and other items related to that particular business. You also want to avoid relying solely on someone else's vision or advice for your project.

Then, curiosity and exploration are key; you need to get practice and immerse yourself in the work to get an understanding of the process and your strengths and weaknesses. It's okay if your work doesn't look good; you just need experience, not affirmation, early on.

Hiring good people also matters; these people don't need to be perfect, but they need to be growth-oriented and reliable. You'll also likely work with people who are poor fits before finding the right person for your business or project. When you have the right people on your team, you need to be consistent, communicate clearly, pay well and on time, and provide plenty of meaningful work.

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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